Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3 | |
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
9 |
Preface To The First Edition ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
11 | |
What's New in This Edition ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
15 | |
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
17 | |
Conventions Used in this Book ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
18 |
1. | INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
23 |
1.1. | The Indo-European Language Family ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
23 |
1.2. | Traditional Views ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
25 |
1.3. | The Theory of the Three Stages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
28 |
1.4. | The Proto-Indo European Urheimat or ‘Homeland’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
33 |
1.5. | Other Linguistic and Archaeological Theories ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
37 |
1.6. | Relationship to Other Languages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
38 |
1.7. | Indo-European Dialects of Europe ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
41 |
1.7.1. | Northern Indo-European Dialects ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
43 |
1.7.2. | Southern Indo-European Dialects ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
43 |
1.7.3. | Other Indo-European Dialects of Europe ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
72 |
1.7.4. | Anatolian Languages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
82 |
1.8. | ‘Europaiom’ or ‘Sindhueuropaiom’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
85 |
2. | LETTERS AND SOUNDS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
89 |
2.1. | The Alphabets of Modern Indo-European ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
89 |
A. | Vowels and Vocalic Allophones ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
89 |
B. | Consonants and Consonantal Sounds ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
90 |
2.2. | Classification of Sounds ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
92 |
2.3. | Sounds of the Letters ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
93 |
2.4. | Syllables ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
96 |
2.5. | Quantity ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
97 |
2.6. | Accent ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
98 |
2.7. | Vowel Change ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
98 |
2.8. | Consonant Change ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
100 |
2.9. | Peculiarities of Orthography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
103 |
2.10. | Kindred Forms ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
106 |
3