320 A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Some of these papers did not have long to wait. Before the end of the first year the Biblical World, the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (then called Hebraica) and the University Extension World furnished new channels for publication. Now and then the raising of a temporary fund secured the consent of the Trus- tees to the establishment of a new journal. This was the case with the Astrophysical Journal, first issued in 1895. Ten men subscribed a fund of a thousand dollars a year for five years toward the expense of publication. In 1895 the American Journal of Sociology was established, and in 1896 the Botanical Gazette and the School Review. In 1896 also the University Record succeeded the Quarterly Calendar, as it was felt that a much larger and fuller record of the life of the University was needed than the small Calendar had up to that time provided. At the beginning of 1897 the first number of the American Journal of Theology was issued. In the conference between President Harper and Mr. Gates in December, 1897, the President stated that the number of copies of the various journals printed for distribution in 1898 would be one hundred and fifty thousand. After 1897 no new journals were added to the list for four years. Then a new period of activity began. The Chicago Institute which became the School of Education of the University of Chicago in 1901 brought with it a journal which after two changes of name became the Elementary School Journal. In 1903 Modern Philology appeared, in 1905 the Classical Journal, and in 1906, Classical Philology. It cannot be doubted that the publication of so large a number of journals must be recorded as a decided expansion in the work of the University. This work of publication was properly con- sidered by the Trustees as a part of the University's educational service. It was never in their minds a business enterprise. They had every reason, however, to be gratified with the high char- acter of the work done by the journals and to feel that they were educationally profitable and useful. The same thing may be said of the publishing work of the University in general. In the first quarter-century of its history the University Press did a very considerable work in the publication of books. The primary aim was to issue books that had an essen-
