Page:A Treatise on Geology, volume 1.djvu/283

Middle group.	$\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.$	Bordeaux; Dax; Touraine, Turin; Baden; Vienna; Angers; Ronca. The Viennese and Baden fossils are a general type for Moravia, Hungary, Cracovia, Volhynia, Podolia, and Transylvania.
Lower group.	$\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.$	Paris, London, Hants, Valognes, Belgium. (The fossils of Castel, Gomberto and Pauliac are the same nearly as those of the basin of Paris.

From each of these localities, the ratio of the species now living has been determined by M. Deshayes as under:—

Upper group. General proportion of living species. 49 per cent. (Allowance being made for occurrence at more than one locality.)
Sicily has yielded	226	species, of which	216,	or	95.0	per cent, are living.
Subapennine	569		238		41.8
Crag	111[1]		45		40.1
Middle group. General proportion of living species, 18 per cent.
Vienna has yielded	124	species, of which	35,	or	28.2	per cent, are living.
Baden	99		26		26.2
Bordeaux and Dax	594		136		22.9
Touraine	298		68		227
Turin	97		17		17.5
Angers	166		25		15.0
Lower group.—General proportion of living species, 3½ per cent
Ronca[2] has yielded	40	species, of which	3,	or,	7.5	per cent are living.
London	239		12		5.0
Paris	1122		38		3.4

Mr. Lyell, by independent researches, was induced to class the Sicilian deposits as a separate formation from the rest of the upper group of Deshayes; but in other respects his scheme of nomenclature subjoined is perfectly in accordance with Deshayes' results.

Newer pleiocene of Lyell	—	Sicilian deposits, with 95 per cent recent species.
Elder pleiocene	—	Italian and crag deposits, with 41.
Meiocene	—	Vienna, Bordeaux, Turin, &c. 18.
Eocene	—	Paris, London, Belgium, 3½.

The terms are derived from the Greek καινος, recent, combined with ήως, the dawn, μειῶν, less, and πλειῶν, more.

1. There are above 450 species of fossils in the crag, and on the relation of its shells to recent types, Dr. Beck of Copenhagen holds a different opinion from M. Deshayes. See also Mr. Charlesworth on the crag formation, in Phil. Mag. and Annals, 1836.
2. Placed by Deshayes in the middle group, but with hesitation.