Page:A critical and exegetical commentary on Genesis (1910).djvu/98

—(Hebrew characters), 'swarming things': 1²⁰ 7²¹ + (only in P and Dt. 14¹⁹).—(Hebrew characters): 1^{22. 28} 8¹⁷ 9^{1. 7} 17²⁰ 28³ 35¹¹ 47²⁷ 48⁴ (Ex. 1⁷, Lv. 26⁹; elsewhere only Jer. 3¹⁸ [inverted], 23³, Ezk. 36¹¹).—(Hebrew characters): 1^{29. 30} 6²¹ 9³ + (elsewhere only in Ezk. (10 times), and (as inf.) Jer. 12⁹).—(Hebrew characters): 10³² 25¹³ + (elsewhere 1 Ch. 5⁷ 7^{2. 4. 9} 8²⁸ 9^{9. 34} 26³¹). The phrase (Hebrew characters)[(Hebrew characters)] occurs in P 10 times in Gen. (see p. xxxiv), and in Nu. 3¹; elsewhere only Ru. 4¹⁸, 1 Ch. 1²⁹.—(Hebrew characters): 6¹⁷ 7²¹ 25^{8. 17} 35²⁹ 49³³ + (elsewhere poetical: Zec. 13⁸, Ps. 88¹⁶ 104²⁹, La. 1¹⁹, and 8 times in Jb.).—(Hebrew characters), (Hebrew characters), etc. (appended to enumerations): 6¹⁸ 7^{7. 13} 8^{16. 18} 9⁸ 28⁴ 46^{6. 7} +.—(Hebrew characters), etc. (after 'seed'): 9⁹ 17^{7. 8. 9. 10. 19} 35¹² 48⁴ +.—(Hebrew characters): 7¹³ 17^{23. 26} +; only in P and Ezk. 2³ 24² 40¹ (Jos. 10²⁷ redactional).—(Hebrew characters)—(Hebrew characters): 8¹⁹ 10^{5. 20. 31} 36⁴⁰ + (very often in P: elsewhere only Nu. 11¹⁰ [JE], 1 Sa. 10²¹, 1 Ch. 5⁷ 6^{47. 48}).—(Hebrew characters): 9¹⁶ 17^{7. 13. 19} +, only in P.—(Hebrew characters): 17^{2. 6. 29} + Ex. 1⁷; elsewhere only Ezk. 9⁹ 16¹³.—(Hebrew characters): 12⁵ 13⁶ 31¹⁸ 36⁷ 46⁶ +; elsewhere Gn. 14^{11. 12. 16. 21} 15¹⁴; and 15 times in Ch. Ezr. Dn.—(Hebrew characters): 12⁵ 31¹⁸ 36⁶ 46⁶ +.—(Hebrew characters) (= 'person'): 12⁵ 36⁶ 46^{15. 18. 22. 25. 26. 27} +; "much more frequent in P than elsewhere."—(Hebrew characters)—(Hebrew characters): 17^{7. 9. 12} + 36 times (only in P).—(Hebrew characters): 17⁸ 28⁴ 36⁷ 37¹ 47⁹ + Ex. 6⁴; elsewhere Ezk. 20³⁸, Ps. 55¹⁶ 119⁵⁴, Jb. 18¹⁹ +.—(Hebrew characters): 17⁸ 23^{4. 9. 20} 36⁴³ 47¹¹ 48⁴ 49³⁰ 50¹³ +. Often in Ezk. (44²⁸ 45^{5. 6. 7. 8} 46^{16. 18} 48^{20. 21. 22}); elsewhere Ps. 2⁸, 1 Ch. 7²⁸ 9² [= Neh. 11³], 2 Ch. 11¹⁴ 31¹ +.—(Hebrew characters): 17^{12. 13. 23. 27} 23¹⁸ + (confined to P except Jer. 32^{11. 12. 14. 16}).—(Hebrew characters) (= 'father's kin'): 17¹⁴ 25^{8. 17} 35²⁹ 49³³ + (also Ezk. 18¹⁸; elsewhere Ju. 5¹⁴?, Ho. 10¹⁴ +).—(Hebrew characters): 23⁴ + 10 times (also 1 Ki. 17¹?, 1 Ch. 29¹⁵, Ps. 39¹³).—(Hebrew characters): 31¹⁸ [34²³] 36⁶ + (outside of P, only Ezk. 38^12f.; Pr. 4⁷, Ps. 104²⁴ 105²¹).

In the choice of synonymous expressions, P exhibits an exclusive preference for (Hebrew characters) in the sense of 'beget' over (Hebrew characters) (in the genealogies of J), and for the form (Hebrew characters) of the 1st pers. pron. ((Hebrew characters) only in Gn. 23⁴).

Geographical designations peculiar to P^g are: Kiryath-'Arba (for Hebron) 23² 35²⁷ +; Machpelah, 23^{9. 17. 19} 25⁹ 49³⁰ 50¹³ +; Paddan-Aram, 25²⁰ 28^{2. 5. 6. 7} 31¹⁸ 33¹⁸ 35^{9. 26} 46¹⁵ +.—To these may be added (Hebrew characters), 11³¹ 12⁵ 13¹² 16³ 17⁸ 23^{2. 19} 31¹⁸ 33¹⁸ 35⁶ 37¹ +; the expression is found in JE only in the Joseph-section (chs. 42, 44, 45, 47). P^g has (Hebrew characters) without (Hebrew characters) only in (Hebrew characters) (28¹ 36²).

In view of all these and similar peculiarities (for the list is by no means exhaustive), the attempt to obliterate the linguistic and stylistic distinction between P and JE (Eerdmans) is surely a retrograde step in criticism.

The date of the composition of P^g lies between the promulgation of the Deuteronomic law (621 B.C.), and the post-Exilic reformation under Ezra and Nehemiah (444). It is later than Deut., because it assumes without question the centralisation of worship at one sanctuary, which in Dt. is only held up as an ideal to be realised by a radical reform of established usage. A nearer determination of date depends on questions of the internal analysis of P which are too complex to be entered on here. That the