Here is a three-step outline for conducting routine manipulations:
1. Decide what grammatical points are to be made the subjects of routine manipulation. In English, for speakers of most other languages, one might list the following:
a. Tense changes: he goes, he went, he has gone, etc.
b. Relative constructions: the speaker that we listened to most carefully, etc.
c. Negation: he can't sleep, he doesn't sleep, etc.
d. Tag questions: doesn't he? do they? won't I?, etc.
e. Prepositions: in (a city), on (a street), at {an address), etc.
f. Direct and indirect questions: When does he have to leave?, Ask him when he has to leave, etc.
g. Articles, mass/count nouns: I saw a key. I saw some charcoal. I saw Jacqueline.
2. Prepare a sample drill for each point in the above list. Some will require more than one drill, but the total number should not be more than 20. Three samples for English are:
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