77© THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
In the forceful as well as in the expansive divisions of the feeling-life I find instinct-processes working out in several in- strict-centers and these, with the accretion of memory-images, developing into impulses and impulse-centers and these, with the refinement of the imagination, into sentiments. Without taking the time to work out the instinct processes I may simply name three pairs of impulsive relations, namely, domination-submission which is a relation between unequals, contempt-shame which is a relation between unequals, and rivalry which is a relation between equals, and pass on to the subject of social classes. Class rela- tions can be understood only by analyzing them into individual impulsive relations, for classes are made up of individuals. Now, people live within a social circle which is surrounded by a social territory outside their circle, and social classes run right through the social circle and the territory outside. But relations between classes and between members of the same class within the circle are different from relations between classes and between members of the same class, outside the circle. Within the circle, whether it be a family circle, as our isolated family, or a church circle, of which our city family is a part, the relations between the members of the same class are those of friendliness; the relations between persons of the upper and lower are those of generosity or compassion on the one hand, of devotion or grati- tude on the other hand. Outside the circle, the relations between the members of the same class are those of rivalry ; between mem- bers of an upper class and a lower class, of domination or contempt on the one hand and of submission or shame on the other hand. By rivalry I mean domination or contempt which is met by counter-domination or counter-contempt, just as by friendliness I mean generosity or compassion which is recipro- cated.
Within the social circle the sympathetic relations mentioned above rest on what might be called habitualized forceful impulse. Thus the father, however generous he may be to his children, believes in parental authority. This means that he habitually makes his children "mind" and that this habit becomes the belief that he ought to make them mind. The children habitually
