NO TES AND ABSTRA CTS 855
schools show an increase, but the professional schools have generally decreased. Though Cornell has increased slightly in her total, there has been a falling off in the college, and in the medical and graduate schools. Wisconsin has made good gains in every department, with the exception of the law and graduate faculties. Yale's gains are to be found in the college, scientific school, and the department of forestry. The law, divinity, and art schools have declined in numbers. Prince- ton shows a decrease in the number of those in the " academic " courses, with a more than proportionate gain in the scientific departments. Northwestern's decrease is especially due to a falling off in the departments of medicine and dentistry. Increased tuition charges and higher standards of admission are put forward as causes. Pennsylvania shows a net gain. The college and scientific schools have increased, while the departments of law and dentistry have fallen off. The other colleges in the list show but slight changes in either direction.
Growing favor of the sciences. A comparison of the departments shows several striking facts. There has been a general increase in the enrolment in the scientific schools of the country, showing the growing favor of the scientific edu- cation at the expense of the classics or the liberal arts. The medical schools, on the contrary, have very generally decreased. Mr. Tombo accounts for this on the ground of the increased cost of procuring a medical education, together with the increased requirements and the long time necessary to become thoroughly equipped for the profession.
Mr. Tombo gives as the total tabulated result of his inquiry : The universities gaining in total attendance are California, 14; Cornell, 157; Harvard, 545; Columbia, 401 ; Johns Hopkins, 25 ; University of Michigan, 162 ; University of Minnesota, 45; University of Missouri, 132; University of Pennsylvania, 95; Princeton, 89; Syracuse University, 187; Wisconsin, 337; Yale, 186 ; and the University of Illinois, a little more than 700. The following universities show losses in total attendance: University of Chicago, 150; University of Indiana, 30 ; Leland Stanford Junior, 8 ; University of Nebraska, 42 ; and Northwestern
135-
In the undergraduate attendance, in which is reckoned the college of arts and scientific schools, the following have gained : University of California, 58 ; Columbia, 103 ; Cornell, 79; University of Indiana, 457; Leland Stanford Junior, 29; University of Michigan, 312; University of Minnesota, 64; Northwestern, 1 06; Pennsylvania, 151; Princeton, 66; Syracuse, 153; Wisconsin, 227; and Yale, 131. The institutions which have lost are: University of Chicago, 61 ; Harvard, 36 ; Johns Hopkins, 4 ; University of Missouri, 88 ; and University of Nebraska, 184. Quoted from Public Opinion.
Monopoly and the Struggles of Classes. The recent extension of the principle of monopoly, both in the practice of the trusts on the one hand, and in that of the trade unions on the other, has brought prominently into the field of discussion the nationalization of industry on a socialistic model. Now that free competition has been driven from the field in many branches of industry, it is admitted that its action tended toward progress and a rude approach to honesty in the sharing of products such as monopoly altogether precludes.
The conclusion, however, that socialism is the only cure for monopoly is premature, for the trade union, although it may appear friendly to socialism, is in principle opposed to it. Indeed, it is probable that that regulation of monopoly which is the chef desideratum at present will be the line along which the issue will be persistently fought out. There are many anti-monopolists in the land who will fight effectively for a few things and then stop, leaving the pronounced socialist to continue his fight unaided. The reason for the probable conservative attitude of the trade union is not difficult to discover. If organization causes some workingmen to thrive partly at the expense of others, there are limits to the extent of the co-operation between the more and the less favored classes. commonly said that trade organizations are monopolies ; and, if the statement is true, there must be something about the working of them that is contrary, not only to the public interest, but to the interest of the remainder of the working
