Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/431

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de-dru-, a reduplicated form (like Biber); OHG. zittaroh is borrowed from it.

zittern, vb., ‘to tremble, shake, quiver,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zitern, zittern, OHG. zittarôn, wk. vb.; corresponding to OIc. titra, ‘to twinkle, wink, tremble’ (old tr remains unpermutated in HG.; comp. bitter, Splitter, and treu). Zittern is one of the few Teut. vbs. which have a reduplicated present (see beben). From the implied primit. Teut. *ti-trô-mi the transition to the weak ô conjugation is easily understood, just as the change of Teut. *rî-rai-mi, ‘I tremble’ (comp. Goth. reiran, ‘to shake,’ from an Aryan root rai-), to the similarly sounding weak ai conjugation. In the non-Teut. languages no cognates of zittern have been found (Aryan root drā̆?). The G. word was adopted by Dan.; comp. Dan. zittre, ‘to shake.’

Zitwer, m., ‘zedoary,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zitwar, zitwan, OHG. citawar, zitwar, m.; from MidLat. zeduarium, the source of which is Arab. zedwâr. The zedoary was introduced into European medical science by the Arabs (comp. also Ital. zettovario, Fr. zédoaire, E. zedoary).

Zitz, Zits, m., ‘chintz,’ from the equiv. Du. sits, chits, E. chintz. The ultimate source of the word is Bengalî chits, ‘variegated cotton.’

Zitze, f., ‘nipple, teat,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. (rare) zitze, f.; comp. the corresponding LG. titte, f., Du. tet, f., AS. tit, m. (plur. tittas), E. teat, Swiss tisse, ‘teat.’ The usual word for ‘teat’ in OHG. is tutta, tuta, f., tutto, tuto, m.; MidHG. tutte, tute, f., tütal, n.; comp. Tüttel. In Romance occur the cognate words — Ital. tetta, zizza, zezzolo, ‘teat,’ Fr. tette, f., teton, tetin, m., ‘nipple,’ Span. teta, as well as Ital. tettare, Span. tetar, Fr. teter, ‘to suck’; the double forms with t and z imply that these words were borrowed from Teut.

Zobel, m., ‘sable (Mustella zibellina), sable-fur,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zobel, m.; borrowed from Russ. sobol (comp. Dan. zobel). From the same source are derived MidLat. sabellum (OFr. sable, E. sable) and sabellinus, whence Ital. zibellino, Span. zebellina, Fr. zibeline.

Zober, see Zuber.

Zofe, f., ‘maid, wanting-woman,’ ModHG. only, formed from MidHG. zâfen (zôfen), ‘to draw, arrange suitably, nurse, adorn’; zâfe, f., ‘ornament’; hence Zofe, lit. ‘adorning maid.’

zögern, vb., ‘to linger, loiter, defer,’ ModHG. only, a derivative of MidHG. zogen, OHG. zogôn, ‘to tug, draw, go, defer, retard.’ An intensive form of ziehen; comp. OIc. toga, E. to tug. For the development of meaning comp. further ModHG. dial. zögern, ‘to wander aimlessly.’

Zögling, m., ‘pupil,’ ModHG. only; formed with the suffix -ling from MidHG. *zoge, ‘guide, leader,’ in magezoge, ‘tutor,’ OHG. magazogo, ‘paedagogus’ (see Herzog); allied to ziehen.

Zoll (1.), m., ‘inch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zol, m. and f., which is probably identical with MidHG. zol, m., ‘cylindrical piece, log’; comp. MidHG. îszolle, ‘icicle.’

Zoll (2.), m., ‘duty, toll, dues,’ from MidHG. and OHG. zol, m., ‘custom-house, toll, duty’; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. and AS. tol, E. toll, Du. tol, OIc. tollr. Usually regarded as borrowed from MidLat. telonium, Gr. τελώνιον, ‘custom-house, toll.’ The Ger. words are, however, in spite of the lack of a Goth. *tulls (for which môta occurs; comp. Maut), so old, and correspond so closely, that they must be regarded as of genuine Teut. origin. Zoll is connected with the root tal (appearing in zählen and Zahl), of which it is an old partic. in no- (ll from ln), and hence it signified originally ‘that which is counted.’ —

Derivative Zöllner, m., ‘collector,’ receiver of customs,’ from MidHG. zolnœre, zolner, OHG. zollanâri, zolneri, m. Corresponding to AS. tolnêre, tollêre, E. toller, Du. tollenaar, OFris. tolner, Dan. tolder; comp. OSax. tolna, ‘toll.’

Zone, f., ‘zone,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Lat.-Gr. ζώνη.

Zopf, m. ‘(long) plait of hair, pigtail, cue, tuft,’ from MidHG. and OHG. zopf, m., ‘end, peak, cue.’ Corresponding to LG. topp, Du. top, ‘end, peak,’ AS. and E. top (MidE. variant tuft), OIc. toppr, ‘tuft of hair,’ OFris. top, ‘tuft,’ Swed. topp, Dan. top, ‘point, end, cue.’ A common Teut. word, by chance not recorded in Goth. The lit. meaning seems to be ‘projecting end’; hence Zopf orig. ‘points of the hair when tied together’ (comp. Zapfen and Topp). The value attached even in the Middle Ages to long plaits of hair as an element of female beauty is attested especially by the fact that the Swab. and Aleman. women when taking an oath held their plaits in their hands. Among the Teutons, to cut a person's hair was to brand