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country through the newspapers "El Filotemico," "El Porvenir," "El Tradicionista," and others. He has written works on international law and history, and essays on Lord Macaulay, Machiavelli, Byron, Warren Hastings, and Lord Olive, which are still in manuscript. Since 1881 he has been Colombian minister in Spain.

HOLGUIN, Diego Gonzalez, Spanish linguist, b. in Estremadura, Spain, about 1560; d. in Lima, Peru, about 1620. In early life he entered the Jesuit order, and was sent to the missions of Peru, where he resided till his death. He acquired the Quichua dialect, and wrote "Gramatica y arte de la lengua general del Peru" (Lima, 1607): "Vocabulario de la lengua general del Peru " (1608); and "Privilegios concedidos a los Indios " (1608).

HOLLAND, Edward Clifford, poet, b. in Charleston, S. O, in 1794 ; d. there, 11 Sept., 1824. He was noted as a controversialist and satirical writer, for several years edited the "Charleston Times," and was the author of a volume of patriotic verses entitled " Odes, Naval Songs, and other Poems" (Charleston, 1814).

HOLLAND, Frederick West, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass., 22 June, 1811. He was graduated at Harvard in 1881, and at the Cambridge divinity-school in 1834, settled in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1838, and was pastor in Rochester, N. Y., in 1843. He was appointed secretary of the American Unitarian association in 1847, but resigned in 1850 and went abroad, visiting Europe, Egypt, and Asia Minor. On his return in 1851, he lectured in New England and the middle states on “Palestine,” “The Nile Territory,” and “The Turkish Question.” He has done much gratuitous work in the ministry, organized ten religious societies, and for several years was chaplain in institutions for criminals. He resides in Concord, Mass. He has contributed various articles to the publication of the New England historic-genealogical society, of which he is a member, and is the author of “Scenes in Palestine” (Boston, 1851).—His son, Frederic May, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 2 May, 1836, was graduated at Harvard in 1859, and in 1863 was ordained at Rockford, Ill., as a Unitarian clergyman; but he has since ceased to preach. He has published “The Reign of the Stoics” (New York, 1879); “Stories from Robert Browning” (London, 1882); and “The Rise of Intellectual Liberty, from Thales to Copernicus” (New York, 1885). He is now (1887) writing a continuation of the last-named work.

HOLLAND, George, actor, b. in London, England, 6 Dec, 1791 ; d. in New York city, 20 Dec, 1871. He began his career in London as clerk in a silk warehouse, in succession entered the office of a money-broker and a newspaper-publisher, and eventually became a commercial traveller. He be- gan as an actor in 1817, in small parts, at Drury Lane theatre. In 1820 he played at the London Olympic theatre, and later became connected with play-houses in Birmingham, Manchester, and Newcastle-on-Tyne. His first appearance in this country was at the Bowery theatre, New York, on 12 Sept., 1827, as Jerry in "The Day after the Fair," followed by Billy Lackaday in "Sweethearts and Wives," and Paul Pry. After engagements for several seasons in New York city, Holland made prolonged tours of the southern and western theatres, and in 1834 was settled as a performer in New Orleans, where he became treasurer of the St. Charles theatre. Returning north, he formed a connection with Mitchell's Olympic theatre, from 1843 till 1849, and within the last two years became its stage-manager. From 1849 till 1852 he lost his professional identity, by attaching himself, under an assumed name, to Wood's and Christy's negro minstrels. In 1852 he reappeared as an actor at Placide's Varieties, New Orleans, but soon returned to New York to become a member of the company at Wallack's theatre. This was his last permanent engagement. He made his final appearance on 15 May, 1870, at the Fifth avenue theatre. After his death, a fund was raised by subscription for the benefit of his widow and children, which amounted to over $15,000. Holland was an amusing performer in farce and burlesque, where he brought in play numerous eccentricities, ventriloquial diversions, and imitations of men and animals. As a comedian he never lost his identity in the. characters he personated, and frequently resorted to grimace and extravagance to provoke merriment. See memorial sketch of "Life of George Holland," edited by Thomas H. Morrell (printed privately, New York, 1871).

HOLLAND, Josiah Gilbert, author, b. in Belchertown, Hampshire co., Mass., 24 July, 1819; d. in New York city, 12 Oct.. 1881. He was the son of a farmer, who was also an inventor. His early educational advantages were limited. After a long struggle, he entered the Northampton high-school, where he studied so earnestly that his health gave way. Subsequent- ly he taught pen- manship for a while,and became successively an operator in a da- guerreotype gal- lery, a copyist and a district school- master. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of medi- cine, and in 1844

was graduated at

Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Mass. Settling at Springfield, he received but little encouragement, although his patients were numerous enough to give him a distaste for the practice of his profession. In his leisure moments he wrote and sent an article or two to the "Knickerbocker" magazine. These being accepted, he was encouraged to undertake the publication of a literary journal, "The Bay State Weekly Courier." but it was not successful, and was discontinued at the end of six months. He then became a teacher in Richmond, Va., and three months later superintendent of public schools in Vicksburg, Miss. There., after ^fifteen months of hard work, he succeeded in introducing a superior graded educational system, which resulted in the closing of all the private schools in the city but one. Just as he had achieved this success, Dr. Holland was compelled to return north, for family reasons. At the age of thirty he again settled in Springfield, Mass., and became the associate of Samuel Bowles, editor of the "Republican." His first year's salary was $480, the second year he received $700, and he began the third as owner of a quarter interest in the paper (then worth $3,500). for which he had given his notes. Fifteen years afterward he sold his share for more than fourteer times what it had originally cost him. From the first, Dr. Holland exhibited remarkable aptitude for journalism ; and, while Mr. Bowles, through