right of persons held as were the “‘Amistad’ captives,” not only to overpower their guards whenever they could do so, but to hold them as prisoners and the ship and cargo as their lawful prize. They held that the U. S. government had no right to interfere between the Africans and the Cuban planters, and that the former had a valid claim to the ship and her cargo. After a protracted investigation the Connecticut court decided against the libellants, who promptly appealed to the U. S. supreme court. The venerable John Quincy Adams appeared with Mr. Baldwin as counsel. The progress of the trial was watched with intense interest by the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions throughout the country. The court eventually declared in substance that these Africans were born free, that they had never been legally held as slaves, and that they were amenable to no punishment for anything they had done. They were sent back to their native land at the public expense, and a Mendi mission was established and is still maintained for their benefit by the American missionary association not far from Sierra Leone.
CIQUARD, Francois, b. in Clermont, France, about 1760 ; d. in Canada. He joined the Sulpi- tian order and was director of the Seminary of Bourges. He had a narrow escape during the reign of terror, and embarked for the United States, coming to Baltimore in 1793. His inten- tion was to join his brother Sulpitians of Mon- treal, but he was not permitted by the English government to enter Canada. Being sent by Bish- op Carroll to labor among the Penobscot and Pas- samaquoddy Indians of Maine, he went to Old Town, on the Penobscot, restored the mission, which had been founded by Father Thury, and es- tablished wise regulations for the government of the Indians, but found much difficulty in bringing them to habits of order. He afterward obtained the consent of the Canadian authorities to enter Canada, and took charge of the Indians on the St. John river, among whom he died.
CIST, Charles, printer, b. in St. Petersburg,
Russia, 15 Aug., 1738; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 2
Dec., 1805. He was graduated at Halle, and came
to this country in 1773. He settled in Philadelphia,
and, with Melchior Steiner, established a
printing and publishing business. During the war
they published many documents relating to
current events, including Paine's “American Crisis.”
In 1781 the firm was dissolved, and the business
continued by Mr. Cist alone. He began the
publication of “The American Herald” in 1784, and
of the “Columbian Magazine” in 1786. Mr. Cist
aided the Colonial government during the revolution
by endorsing large amounts of continental
currency, which later he was compelled to redeem.
He deserves special remembrance as the first person
to introduce anthracite coal into general use in
the United States. In 1792 he was a member of
the Lehigh coal company, and brought several
wagons full to Philadelphia, where he offered to
give it away, but could not dispose of it, and was
threatened with mob violence for trying to impose
on the people with a lot of black stones for coal.
In 1793 he was secretary of the Fame fire association,
and announced that the society had procured
a fire-escape apparatus to save persons from burning
houses by means of a bucket drawn up to the
top of the building. Subsequently, during the
administration of John Adams, he became public
printer, and established in Washington, at great
expense, an extensive printing-office and
book-bindery for the purpose of publishing public
documents. — His son, Charles, editor, b. in Philadel-
phia, Pa., 24 April, 1793; d. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 8
Sept., 1868, was educated in Philadelphia, and
during the war of 1812 was engaged in garrison
duty in the eastern forts. After the war he
settled in Pittsburg, Pa., and a few years later
removed to Harmony, Pa., where he opened a store,
and was for a time postmaster. During the
winter of 1827-'8 he removed to Cincinnati, where he
opened and superintended the first Sunday-school
in Cincinnati, and continued it until it grew
beyond his control, when it was divided among the
churches. Mr. Cist was also one of the most
earnest workers for the success of the free-school
system. In 1843 he established “The Western
Weekly Advertiser,” a family journal devoted to
the early Indian history of the west, and to statistics
relating to Cincinnati and the state of Ohio.
A few years later the name became “Cist's Weekly
Advertiser,” and it was continued until 1853.
He prepared and published “Cincinnati in 1841,”
“Cincinnati in 1851,” and “Cincinnati in 1859”;
and “The Cincinnati Miscellany,” composed largely
of incidents in the early settlements, with many
of his own writings (2 vols., 1846). — Lewis Jacob,
son of the second Charles, poet, b. in Harmony,
Pa., 20 Nov., 1818; d. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 30
March, 1885. He removed to Cincinnati with his
parents, and after studying in Hanover college
entered the Commercial bank of Cincinnati, and later
was made teller in the Ohio life and trust
company. From 1850 till 1870 he resided in St. Louis,
engaged in the banking business. He returned to
Cincinnati and was occupied with the Zoological
society, and in the government service. Mr. Cist
became widely known as an enthusiastic collector
of autographs and old portraits, and his collection,
numbering more than 11,000 specimens, was one
of the largest and most famous in the United
States. It was sold in New York in 1886 and 1887.
Before he attained his majority he wrote both
verses and music, and afterward contributed to the
“Western Monthly Magazine,” “Hesperian,” and
“Cist's Weekly Advertiser.” He delivered the
poems at the opening of the Spring Grove
cemetery, and also at the unveiling of the Tyler-Davidson
fountain. He published the “Souvenir,” the
first annual of the west for several years, and
“Trifles in Verse” (1845). — Another son, Henry
Martyn, lawyer, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 20 Feb., 1839,
was graduated at Farmer's (now Belmont) college
in 1858, and studied law. In April, 1861, he
enlisted as a private in the 6th Ohio infantry. He
was promoted to second lieutenant in the 52d Ohio
infantry, and then to adjutant of the 74th Ohio,
and was post-adjutant of Camp Chase during the
confinement of the prisoners captured at Fort
Donelson. In 1862 he was in the field with his
regiment, serving in middle Tennessee, in September
promoted to acting assistant adjutant-general
of Miller's brigade, during the Tullahoma
campaign appointed acting assistant adjutant-general
of the department of the Cumberland, and served
on the department staff under Gens. Rosecrans
and Thomas until his resignation in January, 1866.
Meanwhile he had attained the rank of major and
assistant adjutant-general with the brevet of
brigadier-general, having served in the Chickamauga
and the Eastport campaigns. Gen. Cist remained
in the service after the close of hostilities, at Gen.
Thomas's request, to give the necessary orders and
to arrange the details providing for the mustering
out and disbanding of over 100,000 troops. Subsequent
to the war he returned to Cincinnati and
resumed the practice of law, and in 1869 he was
elected corresponding secretary of the Society of
