Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/90

nary islands, in 1533 ; d. in Brazil, 9 June, 1597. He was a relative of Loyola's. In 1553 he went from Coimbra, where he had been stationed, as a missionary to Brazil, where he founded a college for the conversion of natives, and was appointed governor of the converted Indians. His life was passed in danger, privation, and arduous labor, [e was believed by both whites and Indians to have the power of working miracles, and was com- monly called the " Apostle of Brazil." The acad- emy of sciences at Madrid has published a treatise by him on " The Natural Productions of Brazil." See " Vida do Padre Joseph de Anchieta," by Vas- concellos, and an earlier biography by Rodriguez.

ANDAGOYA, Pascual de, Spanish traveller, b. in the province of Alava, Spain ; d. in Cuzco, Peru, 18 June, 1548. In 1514, when very young, he went out to Darien with the governor, Pedro Arias. He was made inspector-general of the Indians on the isthmus in 1523, and in the same year, hear- ing of a province farther south called Biru (Peru), set out on an expedition thither. Several chiefs of the country made their submission to him, and told him of the great empire of the Incas ; but when he attempted to make further discoveries, a severe illness forced him to return to Panama, where he reported the information he had gained. The governor then handed over the enterprise to three partnei's, one of whom was Francisco Pizarro, afterward conqueror of Peru. Andagoya now lived at Panama till 1529, when he was banished by the governor to Santo Domingo, but returned in a few years as lieutenant to the new governor, Barrionuevo. He acted as agent to Pizarro and the other conquerors of Peru until 1536, when he was sent back to Spain. In 1540 he became gover- nor of the country around the San Juan river, and founded the town of Buenaventura ; but, owing to a dispute with a neighboring governor, he went back to Spain, where he spent five years, returning to Peru to die. Oviedo, who knew him well, speaks of him as noble minded and virtuous, and says his treatment of the Indians was humane. He wrote an interesting narrative, which remained long in manuscript, but was finally published by Navarrete. An English translation by Clements R. Markham has been published by the Hakluyt society (London, 1865),

ANDERS, John Daniel, Moravian bishop, b. in Germany, 9 Aug., 1771 ; d. in Herrnhut, Saxo- ny, 6 Nov ," 1847. "He was graduated at the Mo- ravian college and the theological seminary at Herrnhut, became a professor in the latter, and subsequently took charge of the Moravian church in Berlin. There his learning and eloquence at- tracted no little attention among the professors of the university and otliers. The celebrated Dr. Neander was his intimate friend. In 1827 Anders was appointed to preside over the northern district of the American Moravian church, and accordingly received consecration as a bishop on 16 Sept. of that year, at Herrnhut. He filled this office until 1836, when he attended a general synod of the Moravian church convened in Germany, and that body elected him to the supi-eme executive board of the Unitas Fratrum. For this reason he did not return to the United States.

ANDERSON, Alexander, wood engraver, b. in New York city, 21 April, 1775; d. in Jersey City, N. J.. 17 Jan., 1870. At the age of twelve years he made his first attempts at engraving on copper, fre- quently using pennies rolled out, and on type-metal plates. He received no instruction, and his knowl- edge was acquired by watching jewellers and other workmen. Some of his earliest efforts were copies of anatomical figures in medical works. In deference to his father's wishes, he studied in the medical de- partment of Columbia college, and was graduated in 1796; but at the same time he continued his in- terest in engraving and produced the illustrations for a little book entitled " Looking Glass for the Mind." Short- ly afterward, on be- ing informed that it was possible to engrave on wood, he obtained blocks of box - wood, de- signed his own tools, and produced the first wood en- gravings ever made in the United States. About 1798 he abandoned the practice of medi- cine, and devoted

his attention thenceforth exclusively to engraving. At first he used Ijoth wood and metal as occasion required, but from about 1820 his illustrations were usually cut in wood, and for some time he was the only artist in that line in New York. His best- known productions include the illustrations in Webster's " Elementary Spelling-Book," a series of forty plates for Shakespeare's plays, and engravings of Bewick's " Birds," and of Sir Charles Bell's " Anatomy." For many years he was employed by the American tract society and engraved the illus- trations for their publications. A memorial address on this pioneer engraver, by Benson J. Lossing, was published by the New York Historical Society, with 38 illustrations, many of them engraved by Anderson himself.

ANDERSON, Alexander, senator, b. in Jefferson CO., Tenn., 10 Nov., 1794 ; d. in Knoxville, Tenn., 23 May, 1869. He was elected by the democrats U. S. senator from Tennessee in 1840, and was afterward a legislator and judge in California, and fi-amed the state constitution.

ANDERSON, Galusha, educator, b. in Bergen, N. Y., 7 March, 1832. He was graduated at Ro- chester university in 1854, and at the theological seminary in Rochester in 1856. He became distin- guished as a preacher of the Baptist denomination, and was called in 1866 from his church in St. Louis to the professorship of homiletics, church polity, and pastoral duties, in Newton theological institute. From 1873 to 1878 he preached in Brook- lyn, and then in Chicago, and in the latter year was chosen president of Chicago university, in which post he continued till September, 1885.

ANDERSON, George Burgwin, soldier, b. in Wilmington, N. C, 12 April, 1831 ; d. in Raleigh, N. C, 16 Oct., 1862. He was graduated at West Point in 1852, and was appointed to the 2d dra- goons, promoted to be 1st lieutenant in 1855, and in 1858 appointed adjutant of his regiment. He resigned in April, 1861, and entered the confed- erate army, where he was soon appointed brigadier- general and given direction of coast defences in North Carolina. At the battle of Antietam, where he commanded a brigade, he received a wound in the foot, which eventually proved fatal.

ANDERSON, Henry James, educator, b. in New York, 6 Feb., 1799; d. in Lahore, northern Hindostan, 19 Oct., 1875. He was graduated at Columbia college with highest honors in 1818.