was the author of Sobre el trabajo de minas, bene- ficio de inetales y medios de fomentarlos," "In- struccion de Revistas," " Para la aprobacion de matriculas y cobranza de tributes," and " Sobre los antiguos repartimientos de los corregidores y arbi- trios para soeorrer a los indios sin aquel gravamen.'" Besides these, which were all published in Lima in 1774, Escobedo wrote memoirs on the government of Peru, which were afterward published in Madrid.
ESCUDERO, Jose A. (es-koo-day'-ro), Mexican
jurist, b. at Parral de Hidalgo, 22 June, 1801 ; d. in
Chihuahua, 3 May, 1802. He received his educa-
tion in his native town, and in 1825 was appointed
chief clerk of the secretary of state of Chihuahua.
He afterward became supernumerary member of
the supreme court, and magistrate of the same
body. After receiving his degree at Guanajuato,
he was admitted to the bar in the city of Mexico,
and was appointed judge for the district of Chihua-
hua, which office he held for ten years. He repre-
sented his native city in five state legislatures, was
twice elected to congress, and was afterward prose-
cutor to the supreme military court. Escudero
was a member of congress in 1847, a year of severe
trials for Mexico, and he distinguished himself by
his patriotism. He was the author of some eco-
nomic studies on the general history of various
states of Mexico. His principal works are " Con-
ducta del jefe politico de Chihuahua " ; " Manual
del Cultivador"; " Manual del Vifiador " ; "Orde-
nanzas de tierras y aguas " ; and Recopilacion de
los decretos y ordenes del rey D. Fernando VII."
ESGLIS, Louis Philippe Mariaucheau d',
Canadian R. C. bishop, b. in Canada, 5 April, 1710 ;
d. in L'lle d'Orleans, Canada, 4 June, 1788. His
name was submitted to the court of Rome by the
Canadian government as its choice for coadjutor
bishop of Quebec in 1770. He had been previous-
ly parish priest of L'lle d'Orleans for seventeen
years. He was a man of weak intellect and timid
character, and it was supposed by the Canadian
clergy that the object of the governor-general in
selecting him for the office was to weaken the
church. Their resistance, however, and that of
the titular bishop, Briand, was feeble. He was
consecrated in 1772 under the title of bishop of
Dorylea in partibus. Immediately after his conse-
cration he was sent back to his parish by Bishop
Briand, who refused to admit him to any share in
the government of the diocese. But in 1774, at
the request of the governor-general, he recognized
him as coadjutor of Quebec, and assigned him a
revenue suitable to his rank. In 1784 the resig-
nation of his predecessor made him bishop of
Quebec. The priests of his diocese, who were per-
suaded of his unfitness for the office, asked him
to name a coadjutor, which he did, and then retired
to the presbytery of Saint Peter in L'lle d'Orleans,
where he resided until his death.
ESHLEMAN, Isaac Stauffer, physician, b.
in Lancaster county. Pa., 22 May, 1820. He was
graduated at Jefferson college, Philadelphia, in
1851, and began practice at once in that city. He
claims to be among the first to use stimulants in
pneumonia, and also to have proved that blisters
are not revellents, but stimulants. He found that
cerebro-spinal meningitis yielded to free depletion
if made use of early in the stage, and followed by
chloroform taken internally. This experience pre-
pared him for the use of chloral, which he has suc-
cessfully prescribed in every form of convulsion.
In 1860 he used with success a narrow-blade for-
ceps for rigid os uteri, having failed with the usual
remedies, and without an unpleasant symptom the
delivery took place. He claims that fractures which
involve the joints where the callus is washed by
synovial fluids are capable of forming good bony
union if well adjusted and kept in apposition for a
much longer period than usual. Dr. Eshleman is
the author of papers showing originality of jorac-
tiee in placenta previa. Of this, Dr. Davis, of Wilkes-
barre, in an address said : " Dr. Eshleman has
opened a new era in the treatment of placenta
previa." He is vice-president of the Philadelphia
county medical society, member of the Northern
medical society, and president of the Medico-
chirurgical society of Philadelphia.
ESLABA, Sebastian (es-lah'-bah), Spanish soldier, b. in Eguiller, Spain, in February, 1698 ; d. in
Madrid in January, 1759. In 1728 he served with
distinction as captain of the Spanish guards, and
as colonel of the regiments of " Asturias " and
"Castilla" he took part in nearly all the battles of
the second reign of Philip V., reaching the rank of
lieutenant general in 1788. At the beginning of
the war between England and Spain in 1740,
Eslaba was appointed viceroy of New Granada,
and immediately after his arrival set to work to
repair the old fortifications of Carthagena and
Portobello, and to build new ones. Early in Novem-
ber the most powerful British fleet that had ever
been sent to South America appeared before Car-
thagena, under command of Sir Edward Vernon,
and on 5 Nov. the bombardment began. Notwith-
standing that Sir Edward made continuous attacks
by land and sea on Carthagena during the pro-
longed siege, the splendid fortiflcations withstood
the bombardment, and repeated assaidts were re-
pulsed by Eslnl)a, till, in May, 1741, the British were
forced to raise tlie siege with the loss of seventeen
ships. As a rec<)m[iense for his services, Eslaba was
promoted captain-general of the army, and in 1748
was made viceroy of Peru, but did not go to flll
this place, as he was called to Spain early in 1744
to become minister of war, and held the office for
several years. The splendid fortifications of Car-
thagena, built imder his personal inspection, exist
to this day nearly intact. After his death, in 1760,
Charles III., in memory of his brilliant defence of
Carthagena, raised his son. Col. Caspar Eslaba, to
the peerage of Castilla, under the title of " Marquis
of the Royal Defence."
ESLING, Catherine Harbeson, poet, b. in
Philadelphia, Pa., 12 April, 1812. She contributed
to the press for many years under her maiden name
of Waterman, and in 1840 married George J. Eslirig,
a captain in the mercantile marine, with whom
she lived in Rio de Janeiro for four years before his
death. She has published '• The Broken Bracelet,
and other Poems " (Philadelphia, 1850).
ESLING, Charles Henry Augustine, author,
b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1845. He was educated in
St. Joseph's college, Philadelphia, and Georgetown
college, D. C, and was admitted to the bar in 1869.
He was invited to act as representative of the
Catholic laity of the United States at the Vatican
on the celebration of the golden jubilee of Pius IX.,
in 18.77. and on his return was successful as a lect-
urer. He has contributed articles to the " Catholic
Record," and other magazines dealing with the re-
ligious questions of the day, and has published the
"Life of Saint Germaine Cousin, the Shepherdess
of Pibrac " ; metrical translations from the hymns
of the " Roman Missal and Breviary " ; and several
poems, religious and secular, the longest being
" The King's Ring, a Legend of Merrv England."
ESMENARD, Joseph Alphonse, "French poet, b. at .Pelissane, France, in 1709; d. near Fondi, Italy, in 1811. He travelled in the United States and the West Indies, 1788'-9, and during the Revo-
