for three years. lie went to New York in 1833, and conducted a few numbers of the "Knicker- bocker Magazine." Afterward he resided in Alex- andria, Va., but spent most of his summers in New England. His publications are " Recollections of Ten Years passed in the Valley of the Mississippi " (Boston, 1826 ; reprinted in London, and translated into French) ; " Francis Berrian ; or, The Mexican Patriot" (Boston, 1826); "Condensed Geography and History of the Western States in the Missis- sippi Valley " (2 vols., Cincinnati, 1828 ; 2d ed., 1832); "Arthur Clenning" (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1828) ; " George Mason ; or. The Young Back- woodsman " (1829) ; " Shoshonee Valley " (Cincin- nati, 1830) ; a translation of Droz's " Essay on the Art of Being Happy" (Boston, 1832); "Indian Wars in the West " (Cincinnati, 1833) ; " Lectures on Natural History, Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts" (Boston, 1833); a translation of " Celibacy Vanquished ; or. The Old Bachelor Reclaimed " (Philadelphia 1834); and a "Memoir of Daniel Boone " (Cincinnati. 1834). He contributed a series of papers on " American Literature " to the London "AthenjEum" in 1855. — His son, Micall P., law- yer, b. in Lunenburg, Mass., in 1807 ; d. in 1830, was educated by his father, and travelled with him in the south and west. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Alexandria, Miss. He pub- lished " The Hunter, and Other Poems " (Boston, 1826), and contributed to the " Western Review."
FLOHR, George Daniel, clergyman, b. in Ger-
many in 1759 ; d. in Wytheville, Va., in 1826. He
studied medicine in Paris, and witnessed the exe-
cution of Louis XVI. The accidental and terrible
death of an individual in the crowd standing near
him, a part of whose mangled body was thrown
upon him, so affected him that he changed all his
plans for the future. He at once abandoned the
thought of a medical career, and resolved to con-
secrate himself to the ministry, emigrating to
the United States and going to Madison county,
Va., where he studied theology under the direction
of the Rev. William Carpenter, teaching in Cul-
peper until his preparation for the ministry was
completed. He was licensed to preach by the
synod of Pennsylvania, and immediately engaged
in missionary service in southwestern Virginia.
In 1799 he accepted a call to Wythe county, where
he labored faithfully until his death. He exer-
cised great influence upon all classes of society, and
was frequently called upon to settle difficulties as
a judge and lawyer as well as a clergyman. He
preached altogether in German, and dressed ac-
cording to the old German custom. He possessed
an extensive knowledge of French, and was well
read in Greek and Latin. A volume of his ser-
mons was published after his death.
FLORENCE, Thomas Birch, statesman, b.
in Philadelphia, 20 Jan., 1812; d. in Washing-
ton, 3 July, 1875. He was educated in the public
schools, apprenticed to a hatter, and went into
business for himself in 1833. For several years
he was prominent in the temperance cause, and a
member of a secret organization of workmen, called
" The Brotherhood of the Union." After several in-
effectual efforts to enter congress, he was elected as
a Democrat in 1850, and served from 1851 till 1861,
when he retired from politics and established and
edited the Washington " Constitutional Union,"
and in 1868 the Washington " Sunday Gazette."
In 1874 he was defeated by so small a majority for
congress, by Chapman Freeman, the Republican
candidate, that he would have contested the elec-
tion had he not died of gangrene, caused by an
accident that occurred during the canvass.
FLORENCE. William Jermyn. actor, b. in
Albany, N. Y.. 26 Julv, 1831: d. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 19 Nov., 1891. He entered upon the career
of an actor, made his first appearance in Rich-
mond. 6 Dec, 1849. as Peter in " The Stranger."
and soon acquired distinction as a versatile comic
actor. He afterward appeared in Providence, suc-
cessfully playing Macduff to Booth's Macbeth'.
Returning to New York, he appeared at Brough-
am's Lyceum in Irish characters. He married,
on New Year's day, 1853, Mrs. Malvina [Pray]
Littell, a danseuse attached to Wallack's theatre,
and on 8 June following the two appeared at the
National theatre. New York, as the Irish Boy and
the Yankee Girl. In 1856 they went to England,
and appeared in Drury Lane theatre, London, for
fifty nights, to crowded houses, afterward perform-
ing in various theatres throughout the United
Kingdom. Mi\ Florence's best-known parts are
those of Bardwell Slote in " The Mighty Dollar "
and Captain Cuttle in " Dombey and Son," while
Mrs. Florence is a favorite as Mrs. General Gil-
flory. She is a sister of Mrs. Barney Williams.
FLORENCIA, Francisco, clergyman, b. in
Florida (probably in St. Augustine) in 1620 ; d. in
Mexico in 1695. He entered the Jesuit order in
1643, and became famous as a professor of theology
and philosophy. He was appointed procurator for
the Jesuit province of Mexico, at Madrid and
afterward at Rome ; was next stationed at Seville
as procurator of all the provinces of his order in
the Indies, but returned to Mexico in 1680. He
was the author of numerous works, the principal
of which are : " Menologio de los varones mas se-
nalados de la Compania de Jesus en N. Espaiia"
(Barcelona, 1661), and " Historia de la Compafiia
de Jesus en la N. Espana " (Mexico, 1694).
FLORES, Ignacio, South American adminis-
trator, b. in Satacunga, Ecuador, early in the 18th
century ; d. in Buenos Ayres in 1786. He com-
pleted his education in Spain, and becam.e professor
in a college in Madrid, but entered the army and
returned to South America, rising gradually to the
rank of colonel. In 1782 he was appointed presi-
dent of Charcas, Upper Peru, which was then
in a disturbed state, owing to the consequences of
Tupac-Amaru's Indian revolt. He subdued the
Indians after a bloody struggle, and restored order ;
but the Spanish judges of the audiencia, jealous of
the position acquired by a Spanish-American, rep-
resented to the viceroy of Peru that Flores, instead
of being the pacificator, had been one of the pro-
moters of the insurrection. He was in consequence
deposed and oixlered to present himself in Buenos
Ayres, where he arrived early in 1784, but died
before his trial, which had been inteutionally de-
layed. While in college he wrote a novel, " Viajes
de Enrique Wanton," a delicate satire on England,
France, and Spain.
FLORES, Jose, Mexican physician, b. in Chiapas, Mexico, about 1730; d. in Guatemala about 1795. He studied medicine in his native city, was called to a professorship at the University of San Carlos de Guatemala in 1775, and appointed president of the board of medicine of Central America. He made many journeys through that country,
studying botany, formed a rich herbarium for the university, and gave impulse to the teaching of anatomy by constructing with his own hands three models for his classes. Flores wrote many scientific works, which are preserved in manuscript at the library of San Carlos. The only one published is " Especifico Nuevamente Desculiierto en el Reino de Guatemala para la euracion radical del horrible mal del Cancro " (Mexico, 1782 ; reprinted in 1802).
