MAHONE, William, senator, b. in Southampton county, Va., 1 Dec, 1827 ; d. in Washington, 8 Oct., 1895. He was graduated at Virginia mili- tary institute, and until the civil war engaged in engineering, and was the constructor of the Nor- folk and Petersburg railroad. He joined the Con- federate army in 18G1, took part in the capture of Norfolk navy-yard in April of that year, raised and commanded the 6th Virginia regiment, was en- gaged in most of the battles of the peninsular campaign, those on the Rappahannock, and those around Petersburg, where he won the sobriquet of the " hero of the Crater," and was throughout his career noted as a fighting commander. He was commissioned brigadier-general in March, 18(54, and major-general in August of the same year. He subsequently led a division in Ambros'e P. Hill's corps, and at Lee's surrender was at Bermu- da Hundred. At the close of the war he returned to engineering, and became president of the Nor- folk and Tennessee railroad. He also engaged in politics, was the leader of the movement that elected Gilbert C. Walker governor of Virginia, and, after failing to secure the nomination for that office in 1878, organized and became the leader of the Readjuster party, which advocated conditional repudiation of the state debt. He was elected U. S. senator in 1880, served till Mai-ch, 1887, and was defeated at the next election.
MAILLARD, Abbe, b. in France late in the
17th century; d. in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1768.
He was a priest of the Society of foreign missions
of Paris, and was sent to Canada abouit 1738. He
was afterward appointed vicar-general of Acadia.
After the capture of Louisburg in 1758 he re-
mained in the neighborhood, hiding in the woods
during the daytime, and at night attending to the
religious needs of the fishermen that were allowed
to stay in the country. On the conclusion of peace
in 1760 he left his retreat, and labored among the
Indian tribes and in the few Acadian villages in
Cape Breton and on the coast of Miramichi. The
Micmack Indians, a partially converted tribe, at
this time inflicted considerable losses on the Eng-
lish colonists, who found it impossible to reach
them. The Abbe Maillard was requested by the
governor of Halifax to use his influence to stop
their cruelties, and was entirely successful. He
was then invited to settle in Halifax, and a church
was built for him by order of the English govern-
ment, to which the Micmaeks and scattered Acadi-
ans came to worship. He was buried at the ex-
pense of the English authorities.
MAIR, Charles, Canadian poet, b. in Lanark.
Canada, 21 Sept.. 1840. His father, James, emi-
grated from Scotland about 1780, and was one of
the pioneers of the square timber trade in the
tributaries of the Ottawa. The son was educated
in Perth grammar-school and at Queen's college,
Kingston, and studied medicine iintil he was
called to make researches in the parliamentary
library in reference to the cjuestion that was then
pending about the transfer of the northwest terri-
tories to Canada. In 1868 he was appointed by
the government paymaster of the party that was
sent to Red river to open communication with the
Lake of the Woods. Dui'ing the first northwestern
rebellion in 1869 he was taken prisoner, and told
by Louis Riel that he would be executed, but made
his escape, and raised a force at Portage La Prairie,
which marched to Fort Garry and forced Riel to
surrender the other prisoners. Through treachery
other captures were made by the insurgents, but
Mair escaped, and, walking about 400 miles on
snow-shoes, reached Ontario. Subsequently he re-
turned to the northwest to recover his scattered
manuscripts, but was unsuccessful, and, disheart-
ened by the loss, he abandoned literature and
entered into the fur-trade at Portage La Prairie,
remaining there until 1876, when he removed to
Pi'inee Albert to conduct the same business. Dur-
ing this period he contributed to the " Canadian
Monthly." About 1888 he foresaw the trouble that
culminated in the northwest rebellion of 1885,
and withdrew to Windsor. At the opening of the
rebellion he attached himself to the governor-
general's body-guard as quartermaster, and served
with that corps during the entire campaign, re-
turning afterward to Toronto, and receiving a
medal for his services. He is the author of " Dream-
land and other Poems " (Ottawa, 1868), and a
dranux entitled " Tecumseh " (Toronto, 1886).
MAIR, Hugh, clergyman, b. in New Milns,
Ayrshire, Scotland, 16 July, 1797; d. in Fergus,
Waterloo co., Canada, 1 Nov., 1854. He was gradu-
ated at Glasgow in 1817, studied theology at Edin-
burgh, and was licensed to preach in 1822. After
being employed as a missionary he came to this
country in 1828, and was ordained and installed
pastor of Presbyterian churches at Fort Miller and
Northumberland, N. Y. He was pastor at Johns-
town in 1880-'43, and after supplying pulpits in
Brockport and Warsaw went to Uppei- Canada in
1847 and took charge of a church in Fergus until
his death. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon
him by the University of New York in 1842. He
published separate sermons, and after his death a
memoir of him, with selected sermons, was issued
by A. Dingwall Fordyce (1856).
MAISCH, John Michael, pharmacist, b. in
Hanau, Germany, 30 Jan., 1831. He was educated
at the scientific schools of his native town, and
after participating in the liberal agitations in
Germany during 1848-'9 came to the United States in
the latter year and acted as a clerk in Baltimore,
Washington, Philadelphia, and New York. He
was professor of materia medica and pharmacy in
the New York college of pharmacy in 1861-'3, and
then became chief chemist of the U. S. army
laboratory in Philadelphia. This office he held until
1866, when he became the proprietor of a pharmaceutical
establishment in Philadelphia, and professor
of pharmacy at the Philadelphia college of pharmacy.
Since 1867 he has been professor of materia
medica and botany in that institution. Prof.
Maisch disposed of his business in 1871, and during
1870-'81 had charge of the chemical laboratory
of the Philadelphia college of pharmacy. In 1871
he received the degrees of Phar. M. and Phar. D.
from the Maryland college of pharmacy. He has
been very active in the American pharmaceutical
association, and its permanent secretary since 1865,
having charge of the editing of its annual volume of
proceedings. He was also one of the committee of
revision of the “U. S. Pharmacopœia.” His original
investigations in technical pharmacy have been
many, and have reference to improved processes
of analysis, botanical methods, and chemical
researches. These for the most part have been
published in the “American Journal of Pharmacy,” of
which he became editor in 1870. He has edited
“Griffith's Universal Formulary” (3d ed.,
Philadelphia, 1874); “The National Dispensatory,” with
Alfred M. Stillé (4 eds., 1879-'86); and “Manual
Organic Materia Medica” (3 eds., 1882-'7).
MAISONNEUVE, Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de, first governor of Montreal, b. in Champagne, France ; d. in Paris, 9 Sept., 1676. He entered the French army in his thirteenth year, and was selected as the leader of a band of colonists that were
