naval campaign of 1838 against the Peru-Bolivian confederation. In 1840 he entered the British navy by the orders of his government, and took part in the war against China in 1841-^3. He became a lieutenant and was decorated with two medals. In 1847 he returned to his native country, re-entered the navy as a lieutenant, and in 1854 was retired with the rank of frigate-captain. In 1865 he re- turned to the service, and during the campaign against Spain was governor of Valparaiso, organ- ized the National guard, and commanded a Chilian vessel. After the war he was promoted to post- captain, and till the year 1878 was several times maritime prefect of Valparaiso. In 1879 he was the first Chilian governor of the Peruvian territory of Tarapaca, having been before general commander of transportation. In this same year he was chief of the expedition that was sent to the north of Peru, destroying property to the amount of $15,000,000. On 19 Nov., 1880, he landed at Pisco with his di- vision of 8,500 men, and made a bold march of more than one hundred and seven miles to Cura- yaco, overcoming great difficulties. He was obliged to carry potable water for his troops, but was so fortunate as to lose but four soldiers. On 13 Jan., 1881, in the battle of Chorrillos, he encountered such stubborn resistance that he lost 192 officers and 1,879 soldiers, the greater number in the at- tack of " Morro Solar." He also was present at the final battle of Miraflores on 15 Jan. Some months afterward congress promoted him to the rank of rear-admiral, and apjaointed him com- mander of the Chilian army, which post he held till October, 1883. Although it is said that he had not been over-scrupulous in the previous campaign regarding plunder, he sternly repressed the sack- ing of Lima by his own soldiers and the marauders that infested the city, ordering the immediate exe- cution of every man caught in the act of robbing, and he court-martialed several Chilian officers for extortion. He suppressed the Calderon govern- ment, and sent the provisional president a prisoner to Chili, notwithstanding the protest of the Ameri- can minister. In 1883 he planned the campaign in which Caceres was defeated at Huamachueo in July, invested Iglesias with the presidency in October, withdrew the Chilian garrison to Chor- rillos, and conducted the evacuation of the country after the ratification of peace. In recompense for his services he was promoted by congress to the highest rank of the Chilian navy, that of vice- admiral, and in 1885 was sent as minister to Spain. In the following year he was recalled by his gov- ernment to take charge of the Chilian legation at Lima, and died on his passage homeward when near the Canary islands. His remains were landed in Teneriiie, and afterward transported by the iron- clad " Blanco Enealada " to Chili, arriving in San- tiago on 14 May, 1887, where they received mag- nificent funeral honors.
LYNCH, Patrick Niesen, R. C. bishop, b. in
Clones, Ireland, 10 March, 1817 ; d. in Charleston,
S. C, 26 Feb., 1882. In 1819 his parents emigrated
to the United States, and were among the first
settlers of Cheraw, S. C. After studying at
Bishop England's seminary of St. John the Bap-
tist in Charleston, the son was sent to the College
of the Propaganda, Rome, and became one of its
most brilliant students. He was ordained priest,
and, after winning the degree of doctor of divinity
by a public thesis in 1840, returned to Charleston,
and was appointed assistant pastor at the cathe-
dral. Here he remained until the death of Bishop
England in 1844. During the eleven following
years he was pastor of St. Mary's church, being
also part of the time principal of the Collegiate
institute and vicar-general of the diocese. In
1855, on the death of Bishop Reynolds, he was ap-
pointed administrator, and governed the see until
he was nominated bishop. He was consecrated, 14
March, 1858. When South Carolina seceded. Bishop
Lynch became an ardent supporter of the Con-
federacy. In the first year of the civil war a fire
broke out in Charleston, destroying the new cathe-
dral, the bishop's house, and other church prop-
erty, and his flock was entirely scattered by the
subsequent siege and bombardment. Then came
Sherman's march to the sea, with the burning of
Columbia and its church, college, and convent.
For the purpose of counteracting the effect of
Archbishop Hughes's mission to Europe, the Con-
federate authorities sent Bishop Lynch on a special
mission to France, and with a letter from Jefferson
Davis to the pope. On his return he found his
diocese nearly ruined. In addition to losses in
church property, he owed over $100,000 to poor
people who had intrusted him with their savings,
and the rebuilding of such churches and institutions as were absolutely necessary would cost at least $150,000 more. He had no resources in his
diocese, and the rest of his life was a struggle with these obligations. He spent a great part of the
time in other states collecting money, and at his death all the debt was paid except $17,000. The
exertion affected his naturally vigorous constitution, and led to a premature end. The life of
Bishop Lynch was marked by acts of heroic charity and great literary activity. In 1848 he took charge
of a hospital during an epidemic of yellow fever, nursing the sick even after he had contracted the
disease ; and on the outbreak of the disease in 1871 he returned in great haste to his diocese, so as
not to be away from his flock in time of peril. He was a classical scholar and a theologian, as well as
a devoted student of applied science. He wrote several articles for Reviews and periodicals, and
edited Deharbe's " Series of Catechisms." His articles on the " Vatican Council " in the " Catholic World," and those on " The Blood of St. Januarius," were afterward published in book-form.
LYNCH, Thomas, patriot, b. in South Carolina about 1720; d. there in 1776. His father, Thomas, was the first to cultivate rice on the alluvial lands that are periodically overflowed by the tides. The son inherited a large estate on North and South Santee rivers, became a man of great influence, who took a prominent part in the proceedings of the provincial assembly, and was an early and zealous advocate of colonial resistance to the encroachments of the crown and parliament. He was a delegate to the Colonial congress of 1765, and, with
his colleagues, Christopher Gadsden and John Rutledge, arrived first at the place of meeting. In the debates he denied the power of parliament over the colonies, and opposed sending a petition. With the same colleagues he was sent to the 1st Continental congress, and continued a member of that body until he was compelled by failing health to resign, and was succeeded by his son. — His son, Thomas, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. in
Prince George parish, S. C, 5 Aug., 1749: d. at sea in 1779, was sent at the age of twelve to England, where he was educated at Eton college and Cambridge university, and studied law in the Temple, London, but returned home in 1772 before completing his course, having a distaste for the legal profession. He devoted himself to cultivating a plantation on North Santee river, which his father conveyed to him, and took part in the public discussions of colonial grievances. On the organiza-
