1846, he became a wealthy merchant, and was the first Liberian to export African commodities to Europe and the United States in his own vessel. He was elected to the Liberian house of representa- tives, serving as speaker in 1849, was chief jus- tice from 1865 till 1868, and was elected fifth presi- dent of Liberia, entering office in 1870. During his service the people voted on a proposition to change the presidential term from two to four years ; but it was defeated, and a new president, Joseph J. Roberts, was elected in 1871. Notwith- standing this, Mr. Roye attempted to remain at the head of the government, and he was condemned to imprisonment. He escaped, and. while endeavor- ing to swim to a steamer that was bound for Liver- pool, he was drowned in the harbor of Monrovia.
ROZE, Pierre Gustave, French naval officer,
b. in Nimes in 1812 ; d. in Paris in 1882. He en-
tered the navy as midshipman in 1826, was pro-
moted post-captain in 1856 and attached to the sta-
tions of the West Indies and South America. In
January, 1862. he was appointed commodore of the
fleet to" operate in Mexico, and transported to Vera
Cruz the division of Gen. Lorencez (q. r.). In the
following March he was appointed military com-
mander of Vera Cruz and fortified the city, holding
off the Mexicans after the retreat of Lorencez and
before the arrival of succor from France. For
those services he was promoted rear-admiral, 19
July, 1862, and he remained in command of the
French navy in Mexico till the withdrawal of Gen.
Bazaine, when he was sent to China. He was pro-
moted vice-admiral, 26 May, 1869, and retired in
1877. He published " Resume des operations na-
vales pendant la guerre du Mexique" (Paris, 1869).
RUCKER, Daniel Henry, soldier, b. in Belle-
ville, N. J., 28 April, 1812. In his youth he re-
moved to Grosse Isle, Mich. He entered the U. S.
army as 2d lieutenant in the 1st dragoons on 13
Oct., 1837, became 1st lieutenant, 8 Oct., 1844, and
captain, 7 Feb., 1847, and served in Michigan, and
against the Indians in the west and southwest. He
participated in the war with Mexico, and com-
manded a squadron at Buena Vista, where for gal-
lantry he was brevetted major on 23 Feb., 1847.
On 23 Aug., 1849, he was transferred to captain as-
sistant quartermaster. He declined the post of
major of the 6th cavalry on 14 May, 1861, became
major quartermaster on 3 Aug., 1861, and colonel
and aide-de-camp on 28 Sept., 1801. He was ap-
pointed brigadier-general, U. S. volunteers, on 23
May, 1863, and on 5 July, 1864, was brevetted lieu-
tenant-colonel, colonel, and brigadier-general, U. S.
army, for diligent and faithful service during the
war. On 13 March. 1865, he received the brevets
of major-general, U. S. army, and major-general,
U. S. volunteers, for faithful and meritorious ser-
vice during the war. He was appointed colonel and
assistant quartermaster-general on 28 July, 1866,
and was mustered out of the volunteer service on
1 Sept., 1866. Since that date he has served as
quartermaster-general at various points, and on 13
Feb., 1882, was appointed quartermaster-general
of the army. He was retired on 23 Feb., 1882, and
now (1898) resides in Washington, D. C.
RUDD, John Churchill, clergyman, b. in Nor-
wich, Conn., 24 May, 1779 ; d. in Utica, N. Y.. 15
Nov., 1848. He was prepared to enter Yale, but
adverse circumstances prevented. He made his
way to New York city soon afterward, where he.
became acquainted with Dr. (afterward Bishop)
Hobart, and was baptized and confirmed in the
Episcopal church. He studied for the ministry,
chiefly under Dr. Hobart's direction, and was or-
dained deacon, 28 April, 1805, by Bishop Benjamin
Moore, and priest, in Aprd, 1806, by the same
bishop. For a short time he was occupied in mis-
ry duty on Long Island, N. Y., but in Deorm-
ber, 1805, he took charge of St. John's parish, Eliza-
bethtown, N. J., and in May, 1806, was instituted
as rector. He received the degree of D. D. from
the University of Pennsylvania in 1822. Severe
and exhaustive labor in striving to build up the
church in Elizabethtown resulted in a loss of
health and strength, and Dr. Itudd was compelled
to resign his charge in 1826. In July of the same
year he removed to Auburn. N. Y., and took gen-
eral oversight of the academy there. His health
having improved, he accepted the rectorship of St.
Peter's church in Auburn, and held that post for
seven years, during which a stone church was
erected on the spot where the previous edifice had
been burned. Under Bishop Ilobart's advice. Dr.
Rudcl, in 1827, began the publication of " The
Gospel Messenger," a religious weekly, representing
the doctrines and advocating the principles of the
Protestant Episcopal church. He continued to be
its editor during the rest of his life. Besides his
contributions to church literature in the columns
of the " Messenger," Dr. Rudd published a large
number of sermons that he preached on special oc-
casions between 1822 and 1837, together with ad-
dresses. Among these are a " Tribute to Departed
Excellence," an address on the life and character
of Bishop Hobart (1830), and a " Sermon on the
Reopening of St. Peter's Church. Auburn, with a
Brief Sketch of the History of the Congregation
from its Organization " (1833). Dr. Rudd also
edited "The Churchman's Magazine" several years
previous to 1812, but the second war with England
led to its discontinuance.
RUDOLPH. Michael, soldier, b. in Maryland
in 1754: drowned in 1795. With his brother'john
he joined Maj. Henry Lee at the head of Elk river
in 1778, holding the rank of captain in his legion,
and served with gallantry in many of the lesser
battles and sieges in the south. After the war he
settled in Savannah, and was subsequently a col-
lector in Sunbury, Ga., where lie cultivated a farm.
Entering the army in 1790 as captain of the 1st in-
fantry, he served under Gen. Josiah Ilarmar in the
northwest. He became major of cavalry. 5 March,
, and adjutant and inspector of the army in
February, 1793. After his resignation on 17 July,
. he traded with the West Indies, and subse-
quently embarked for France to enter its military
service. Two years later he was drowned.
RUDORF, Cornells van, South American artist, b. in Demerara in 1769 ; d. in Haarlem. Holland, in 1813. He studied in Leyden, and afti-rward obtained an employment in the administration of
Dutch Guiana, but resigned a few years later and devoted himself to painting the magnificent scenery of the virgin forest. Among his works are 'Sunset in a Virgin Forest " (1796); "Indian La-
borers at the Harvest" (1800); "A Street of Demerara" (1803): "A Woman Fish -Vender " (1804); and " Moonlight in the. Forest" (1809).
RUFF, Charles Frederick, soldier, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Oct., 1818 ; d. there, 1 Oct.. 1 N*5. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1838, assigned to the 1st dragoons, served in garrison and frontier duty in Kansas and Iowa, and resigned on 31 Dec.. 1842. Until 1846 he practised law in Liberty, Mo., and on 18 June. 1846, he enlisted for the war with Mexico as lieutenant-colonel of Missouri volunteers, being made captain in a regiment of mounted rifles in the U 1 . S. army on 7 July, 1846. He was brevetted major for gallant and meritorious conduct at the skirmWi at San
