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eial instruments for use in his particular profes- sion. Besides special addresses on otological sub- jects before medical bodies, he was the autlior of "TlieEarand its Diseases" (New Yorii, 1888); a monograph on the " Causes of Deafiu'ss among Public-School Children " (1882) ; and other papers.

SEYMOUR, Lord William Frederick Ernest, sailor and soldier, brother of fifth marquis of Hertford, b. in London, England, 8 Dec, 1838 ; raised to rank of marquis's son, 1871. He en- tered the Britisli navy, and served as midshipman in the Baltic, 1854, and in Crimea, 1856, in Cold- stream guards, which regiment he entered in 1855. He served in the Egyptian campaign, 1883, for which he received medal with clasp, bronze star, and thinl-elass Osmanieh. He became brevet colonel in 1880, major and lieutenant-colonel, 1881, major-general, 1889, lieutenant-general, 1896 ; was assistant quartermaster- guard at headquarters, 1885-8, and commanded southeastern district in 1891-"6. In June, 1898, he was appointed to the command of her Majesty's regular forces in Cana- da, with headquarters at Halifax, Nova Scotia, as successor to Gen. Montgomery Moore.

SHAPTER, William Rufus, soldier, b. in Galesburg, Kalamazoo co., Mich., 16 Oct., 1835, the son of a pioneer farmer. His opportunities for education were limit- ed, and he worked on his father's farm till he reached his major- ity. Having mean- while saved some money, he entered the Prairie seminary, and after completing his studies returned to farming. When the civil war began he enlisted and be- came a 1st lieutenant of the 7th Michigan infantry. His regi- ment participated in the battle of Ball's Bluff, and rendered

effective service with

McClellan in the peninsula campaign. On 33 Aug., 1863, he was honorably mustered out, but a few days later, on 5 Sept., he was raised to the majority of the newly organized 19th Michigan infantry. He saw service in Kentucky and Ten- nessee, and was a prisoner of war for three months, being exchanged in May, 1863. In June, 1863, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 19th regiment, and became colonel of the 17th U. S. regiment of colored infantry in April, 1864. He received the brevet of brigadier-general of volun- teers in March, 1865. He was commissioned lieu- tenant-colonel of the 41st infantry on 28 July, 1866. In March, 1879. he was made colonel of the 1st V. S. infantry, and he held this rank for more than eigh- teen years. He Wiis promoted brigadier-general on 3 May, 1897, ami was assigned to the department of Columbia, but was soon transferred to the de- partment of California. Upon the commencement of war between the United States and Spain he was made major-general of volunteers on 4 Jlay, 1898, and assigned to command the troops sent, on 14 June, upon the campaign against Santiago de Cuba. The entire eastern end of Cuba capitulated to him on 14 July, 1898, after a vigorous campaign, attended by almost insuperable diflicullies. Gen. Shatter then devoted himself to the restoration of order in the newly conquered territory, returning to the United States after the declaration of peace. In October he was assigned to the command of the department of the East, with headquarters on Governor's island. New York city. Early in 1899 he was transferred to the depai'tment of California, with headquarters at San Francisco, from which city he wrote in August to a friend who defended his conduct in the Cuban campaign : " I have forborne to answer any of my traducers or critics, because I would not stoop to defend a campaign which I believe is, as you said, without parallel in the history of modern warfare. I wish to call your attention to the fact that that army was hastily gathered and, almost unprepared, sailed fifteen hundred miles, landed on a hostile shore in open ships' boats and within ten days drove the enemy back to his intrenchments and to the city of Santiago, and in fifteen days from the time of their landing compelled the surrender of an army of twenty-four thousand men to one containing less than twenty thousand men. During that campaign there was not for a single minute a dollar's worth of the projierty of the United Stater nor the person of an American soldier, either dead or alive, in the hands of the enemy. Furthermore, this campaign was conducted during the sickliest season of the year in Cuba, and it is the only expedition that ever has gone from a temperate zone to any of the islands of the Carib- bean sea that has not met with absolute disaster, with the single exception of that of the English in 1762, who succeeded in capturing the city of Havana, but with the loss of nearly their entire army. Of the army which left the colonies of New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island to assist the Britisli in this expedition fully nine-tenths per- ished. Of the fourteen hundred men who left the colony of New York but forty-five returned alive. I can only judge the nature of Gen. Sherwood's criticism by your remarks, and that is that I was not on the firing line. The spirit of this accusa- tion is utterly false. I was under fire the entire time, but I was not on the firing line in the ordi- nary acceptation of the term. I had no business there, and would have been of no service had I been there." In October Gen. Shatter was retired as brigadiej'-general, U. S. A., but was retained in command of the departments of California and the Columbia under his commission as major-general of volunteers. He received the congressional med- al of honor for gallantry and meritorious services at the battle of Fair Oaks, Va.

SHANLEY, John, R. C. bishop, b. at Albion, N. Y., 4 Jan., 1852. He was five years old when, in 1857, his parents moved to St. Paul, Minn. Having been chosen for the priesthood, he was sent in 1869 to Rome, and studied theology at the College of the Propaganda. He was ordained a priest at Rome by Cardinal Patrizi in 1874. and, returning to St. Paul, was appointed by Bishop Grace assistant pastor of the cathedral. He con- tinued in this service until 1884. when Archbishop Ireland became bishop of St. Paul, then Father Shanley was made pa.stor of the cathedral. In 1889 the new diocese of Jamestown, N. Dak., was formed, and Father Shanley was appointed its first bishop, receiving consecration together with Bishops C'otter and JIcGolrick in the cathedral of St. Paul in December, 1889. He has ever since discharged the active duties of bishop in that la- borious field, and has been a leader of Catholic interests in the northwest. He has been Arch- bishop Ireland's chief aid in the vast colonization scheme which has settled many Catholic farmers in Jlinnesota, the Dakotas, and Nebraska.