real. Canada, 14 March, 1883. He came to this
country in 1820, connected himself with the Hud-
son hay eom[»iny, and estal)lislu>d the first factory
on the Fraser river, in British Columbia. He as-
sisted in fitting out Sir John Franklin's party in
1824, and thirty years later aided the arctic ex-
peditions under Dr. .John Kae, Kol>ert Stuart, and
others. He retiretl from the Hudson bay coni|)any
in 1807. and subsecjuently devoted mucli time anil
research to collecting Canadian botanic and zoo-
logical s[>e<:imens for the British museum and
other scientific institutions. He was president of
the Montreal natural history society.
BARR, Robert, author,' b. in Glasgow, Scot- land, 16 Sept., 1850. He was taken to Canada when he was four years old ; attended the Normal school, Toronto; learned the carpenter's trade, and afterwanl fitted himself to be a teacher, which occii[>8tion he followed for some time. He then removed to the L'nited .States and l)ec;»nie con- nected with the Detroit " Free Press," to which he contribute<l humorous sketches under the pen- name of " Luke .Sharp." In 1881 he established the English edition of the " Free Press " in Lon- don, where he has .since resided, either in the city or its suburl(8. With Jerome K. Jerome he fountf- ed in London '"The Idler." but he afterward re- tired from it to devote himself to story-writing. He has published " In a Steamer Chair" (New York, 18ltO): "In the Midst of Alarms" (1894); "The Fa<-c and the Mask" (1894); "A Woman Intervenes" (189(1): " From whos*- Bourne" (1896); " One Day's Courtship " (1896) ; " Revenge " (1897) ; "The Mutable Many" (1897); "Medinval Tales" (1898) ; and " The Countess Teckla" (1898). Most of these arc (•ollections of short stories.
BAHRINGGK. KnriiN. lawyer, b. in Cal>arrus county. X. ('.. 2 Dec. 1H21 ; d. in Charlotte, X. C., 8 Feb., 1895. He was gradiiat<-il from the I'niver- sity of North Carolina in 1842. With his brother Moreau he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice at Concord. In 1848 he was sent to the slate legislature as a Whig: in 1850 he was made a state senator, and in 1800 he scrve<i as an elwlor on the H<'II and Kverett ticket. He was a firm iH'liever in the I'nion. but at the out- break of the civil war he went with hi.s state, and raised a com jmny of cavalry, of which he was com- missioned captain. He was promoted major 20 Aug.. 186:1. and lieutenant-colonel three months later. In June. 1864, he was commissioned briga- dier-general, and a.ssigned to the command of the North Carolina cavalry brigade, consisting of the Isl. 2il. :)d, and .5th regiments. He took part in 70 actions, and was several times severely woundinl. After the war he removed to ('harlotte and l)egan the practice of law, advocating the acceptance of the reconstruction acts of 1867. In 1870 he was elected to the state constitutional convention ; in 1880 he was an unsuccessful candidate fr)r licu- tcnaiit-govcmiir. atid he was also a member of the Republican convention that nominatedCarfield for the pre-sidency. In 1884 he retired from the prac- tice of law; he busied himself with his farm, and with writing reminis<'cntial sketches of the civil war and articles on North Carolina history.
BARROS ARANA. Diego (Im r-ms-'ah-ra h- n8h)|Chilinn historian, b. in Santiago. 10 Aug.. ISJO. He belonged to a wealthy family. receive<l an ex- cellent education, anil in 1843 entered the In.sti- tuto Nacional. where he pre|iared himself for the study of law, but feeble health force<l him in 1849 to afmnilon professional studies. He Ihenwforth gave himself entirely to literary and historical pur- suits, gathering a great number of documents on the history of his country, and soon acquired repu- tation as a laborious investigator. His first essay was the publication, in 1850, of an historical sketch on the campaigns of 1818-'21, the favorable re- ception of which encouraged him to begin an ex- tensive history of Chilian independence, and in 1853 he founded the literary magazine " El Museo." In 18.55 he was elected member of the faculty of humanities and philosophy of the university, of which he became rector in 1801. After 18.57 he took part in r)olitics, and was a eontribntor to "El Pais" and "La Actualidad." He travelled through the Argentine Republic. Uruguay, Brazil, England, France, and Spain, searching the gov- ernment archives and public ami private libraries for documents on the history of South America, and in Simancas he discovered the inainiscript of the historical poem of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo {q. v.), " Puren Indomito," which he published (Leipsic, 1860). After the political change of 1861 he returned to his country, and was elected in 1803 rector of the Instituto Nscional, where he still occupies the chair of history of literature. In 1864 he founded the magaziiie "Correo del Domingo," and in 1875, with Miguel Luis Amu- nitegui, the " Revista Chilena." In 1876 Barros was appointed minister to Chili, and in 1898 was commissioner for settlement of boundary between Chili and the Argentine Republic. He is a mem- ber of the historical institute of Brazil, and is the owner of one of the most extensive libraries in South America, containing valuable historical documents, which will be given to the library of the Instituto Nacional. He has written " Rstuilios Historicos sobre Vicente Benavides y la campafla del Sur 1818-1821 " (Santiago, 1850); " El general Freirc" (1851); "Historia dc la Indefiendencia de Chile" (4 vols., 1854-'8); " Ijis campafiH.s de Chiloe" (18.57); "Vida v V'iajes de Hernando de Magallanes" (1864); "Oompendio de la Historia de America" (1865) and an elementary extract of the same ( 1871) ; " Elementos de Literatura " (1808); " Historia modernay contem|)fininca " (1870); " His- toria de Literatura " (1870); "Oeografia Fisica y Descriptiva"(1871); " Manual ilecomposicion lite- raria" (1871); " Riquezas de los antigufw Jesuitas de Chile" (1872); " I'rocesode Pedro de V'aldivia" (1873); "Don Claudio Oay, Estudio biogrAfico" (1876); "HIstoire de la Guerre du Pacifique," written by order of the government (2 vols., Paris, 1881); an<l "Historia General de Chile" in 12 octavo volumes (.Santiago. 1884-'03).
BARROWS, Walter Manning, clergyman, b. in Franklin. Mich., 12 April, 1840 : d. on Alackinac island, 10 Aug., 18i>l(. He was the son of the late Pnjf. John M. Barrows, of Olivet college, was graduated from Olivet, and studied theology in New Haven, New Vork. and AnJover. He was filled with the missionary spirit, anil for eight years was pastor of the l-irst Congregutional church at .Salt liake City, and was one of the founders of the Salt Lake academy. On account of his executive ability, his knowledge of the west, and his powers of sjioech, he was elected secretary of the American home missionary society, with office's in New York, a place he )ield for seven years. Then for ten years Dr. Barrows was pastor of the Second Congregational church of Rockford, III. Owing to his determination the new edifice, one of the finest in the west, was built, and after it had burned down was rebuilt at a cost of more than 1(H),(K)0. In 1897 he accepted a call to the Second Congregational churchof Greenwich, Conn. — His brother. John Henry, b. in Medina. Mich., 11 July, 1847, wius graduated at Olivet, and studied
