tionary army in 1854 as a lieutenant, he took part in the defeat of Col. Chacano at Arica and in routing the force of Gen. (iuardo, and finally shared the victory that resulted in the overthrow of lien. Kchinique's government. When President Ca.-<tilla provoked an insurrection in 1864hoa};ain e!-[)ousca the revolutionists' cause. President Pardo made hira a lieutenant-colonel and prefect of the city of Trujillo. During the war with Chili he commanded the forces that marched to Arica, and be displayed individual bravery. In the uprising against President Iglesias and the clericals he joined the revolutionary standard of Cieeres (9. r.), and when the latter was elected president, in 1886, Col. lieriiiudez became vice-presidenL In 1890 he succeided ( Vireris iis president.
BERNIER, Thomas Alfred, Canadian lawyer, b. in Henry ville, province of Quebec, 15 Aug.. 1845. He was educated at St. Ilyacinthe college, studied law, was ailmitted to the bar of Montreal in 1869, and practised in St. John's, serving as crown attorney in 1874-'6. In 1S.S0 he removed to Mani- tolia, and in 1881 was appointed superintendent of educatiim for Roman Catholic sohords and registrar of the Manitoba university, which ixists he held up to 1890. In 1884 he was appointed chairman of the eastern judicial board, and he was first mayor of St. Boniface. In 1881-'7 he was a mi'Uitjer of the provincial Itoard of agricidturc of Manitoba, and in 1888 Ix'camc president of the colonization society of that province. He was elected to theC;ana<'lian senate in 1892. In 1871-'2 he was editor of the "Courier" of St. Hyacinihe, and he editeil Tache's " Vingt annck-s de missions dans le nordouest" (1888). He is the author of " Le MHiiitolin. cliamp d'immigmtion " (1887).
BEKRKIN, Bernardo IVreIra de (bair-ra'v- do). Portugue.se historian, b. in Villa-de-Serpa in 1680; d. in LisUn. 13 March, 1748. He was of noble birth, anil, entering the army, rose rajiidly in the service and commanded a regiment of cav- alry at the battle of Saragossa, 20 Aug.. 1710. For his valor in this action he was ap(>ointed. in 1711, governor-general of the province of Maran- hin. in Brazil, which post he retained till 1718, when he became captain-general of Mazagam. R-rredo devoted his later years to a great work for which he hail collected materials in America, and it is now invaluable, as most of the Portu- guese archives have since been destroyed. It is enlitle<l " Annaes hisloricos. do esliulo lio Maran- hSo, em que se dA noticia de sen desj-obriniento e tudo o mais que n'elle se tem succcdido, desde o anno em nue foi desooberto ate 6 de 1718." It was publislied after Herredo's death (Lislmn. 1749). Some Brazilian authors charge Berredo with be- ing unfair in his opinion repirdini; 1 lie Indians. These grave a<Tusations were discussed at length, in 1842, in the " Oanabara," • monthly review published in Kio de Janeiro.
BERRY. James Henderson, senator, b. in Jackson county.-. Mii., .Mnv. 1H4I, and received a c«)nim(m-s<diiM)l e<lucation. (leentered the Confed- erate army as 2il lieutenant. lOlh Arkansas infantry, and lost a leg at the Iml tie of Corinth, Miss., 4 Oct., 1862. After the war he studied law, and was admitled to practicein 1866. lie was three times elected to the legislature, and in his third year was made sjieaker ; was president of the Demo- cratic slate convention in 1876. and two years later he was elecleil judne of ihe circuit court. He was elecleil governor in HX-2. nnil I'. .S. senator to succeed Augustus II. (iarland, of Arkansas, appointed attorney-general, taking his sent 2.'i .Marcli, 1885. Mr. Berry was re-elected in 1889 and 1895.
BESSEY. Charles Edwin, botanist, b. in Mil- ton. Ohio, 21 May, 184.5. As a boy, his inclina- tions led him to observe Nature, and he had a keen appreciation of natural objects and phe- nomena. He was graduated at the .Michigan agricultural college in 1869. and soon after was appointed professor of natural history in Iowa a!;ricultural college, having charge of the instruc- tion in zoology, entomology, and botany. During the winter of 1872-'3 and thereafter he studied botany a-s a s[)eeialty in Harvard, and in 1884 he was called to the chair of botany in the state uni- versity of Nebraska, where he has developed a de- partment of botany which ranks among the best in this country. For ten years he was president of the Iowa academy of science, and he lias been president of the Botanical society of America ; also the ilegree of Ph. D. has l)een conferred ujion hira by the State university of Iowa. Since 1880 he has been botanical editor of the "American Natu- ralist." and he wii,« similarly connected with "Johnson's Cyclo|Hi'dia." Besides many papers on zool- ogy, entomology, and botanv, he is tlie author of successful text-l)ooks. including " Holanv for High ' Schools and Colleges" (New York, 188(); 5th od., 1888) and "Essentials of Botany" (1884).
BEYERIIKJE. Albert Jeremiah. senator, b. on an Ohio farm on borders of Adams and Highland counties. 6 Oct., 1862. He was graduated at De Pauw university, and studied law in the oflTice of Senator McDonald, becoming managing clerk. He was mlmitted to the bar. and was associated with .McDonald and Butler iiiilil a few years later, when he Itegan practice for himself, tie has been alrea<ly identified with many im|H>rtant legal cases, and has acnuired distinction as an orator and cam- paign spealier. He was elected Republican U. S. senator from Indiana for the term ending in March. 190.5. and in the summer of 1899 ho visited the Philippine islands and China.
BIDDLE. Juines Stokes, naval ofllcer, b. in Philadelphia. Pa., 15 Jan., 1818. He was ap- (Hiinled a midshipman in the U. S. navy. 18 Oct., 1833, and became lieutenant, 20 Aug., 1844. He was engaged in the Florida war with a fleet of b<Mits. and during the Mexican war he was in command of a gunboat and served with the naval batteries in the siege of VeraOuz and the capture of ToImisco. In 18.56 he resigned from the navy and was electe<l president of the Shamokin valley railroad. In 1861, at the o|>ening of the civil war, he offered his services to the secretary of the navy, agreeing to retire at the close of the war. but no formal action was taken in regard to it. In 1871 he was the Democratic candidate for mayor of Philadelphia, but was not elected. — His kinsman, Crniir. jurist, b. in Philadelphia, 10 Jan.. 1823. is a fm of Nicholas Biddle (178(S-1844). w<us graduated at Princeton in 1841, and was admitted to the liar of Philadelphia in 1844. He repi-esenled Philadelphia in the legislature in 1849-'.5(). In April. 18tSI, he was made a major on the stall of Oen. Roliert Patterson, and served in the .Shennn- doah valley. He was then appointed on the staff of Oov. Andrew G. Curtin, and was detailed to organize new regiments. On the invasion of Maryland anil Pennsylvania by the Confederate army in HlS. he joined a regiment of Philadelphia militia as a private, and marched to the front. In January. 18i5, ho was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas of Philadelphia, and in the following auluiiin was elected to the same olTlce. as a Itepiililican. by a large majority. In 1885 he was re-elected, having been renominated as well by the Democratic party as by his own.
