ON THE USE OF BRONZE CELTS. .'iO-'i inconipatible with the abundance imported after the Norman conquest. The only other church in which I have met with double splayed ^vindows is that of All Saints, Melton Magna, which has quoinings of Roman shaped tiles, similar to those at Framlingham Pigot.^ I might mention besides, many other churches in which fragments of older buildings are retained, as at Tasburgh, North Walsham, Antingham, Swainsthorpe, East and West Lexham, and other parishes. These will prove the justice of the observation of some old writer, whose name I do not remember, that our forefathers never rebuilt a church without preserving a portion of its predecessor. USE OF BRONZE CELTS IN MILITARY OPERATIONS. BY JAMES YATES, M.A., F.R.S. Read July 2Gth, 1849, at Salisbury. The design of the following remarks is to prove, that, among the various uses of bronze celts, one of the most important was the application of them in destroying fortifi- cations and entrenchments, in making roads and earth-works, and in similar military operations. It will be observed, that I confine the inquiry to those celts which were made of bronze, and also to such as were adapted to be fitted to a straight wooden handle, and which belong to the fourth and fifth classes in ^Ir. Du Noyer's arrangement.^ I. — I shall first produce the passages of ancient Roman authors, which mention the application of dolabrcB in the manner specified. When Alexander the Great committed the rash act of leaping from the top of the wall into a city, which he was besieging, so as to put his life into extreme danger, some of his brave followers, " regardless of all peril, broke through 3 The church of St. John the Bajjtist, quest, and sepulchral urns, supposed to be Cottishall, niivy be added, in which an Roman, are occasionally found. The use ancient north wall remains with similar of such bricks in ecclesiastical buildings quoinings and herring-bone work of is not uncommon in localities which have Roman-shaped bricks; and there are been occupied by the Romans, traces of a circular-headed door and two ' See Archaeological Journal, vol. iv., round win<lows above it, at present closed. pp. 2, 327. Here also wiia a church before the con- On the subject of this memoir, I beg to
