392 ON THE USE OF BRONZE CELTS. quariorumr Assuming that dolabra in Latin meant a cliisel, I have proved by various direct testimonies the extensive use of this tool in ancient warfare. I have produced Assyrian sculptures in exact accordance with the Avords of Roman historians. From the use of the chisel in mining, in garden- ing, and in agriculture, I have shown its aptitude to be employed in military operations which required the same description of labour, that is to say, in making roads, mounds, and ditches, in mining and counter-mining,"* and in destroying both earth-works and walls of brick and stone. I have considered all the principal peculiarities in the various forms of the bronze celts of those classes to which I have confined my inquiry, and have shown that these peculiarities, together with the situations and circumstances in which the celts are found, support the same opinion. In short, wherever we should now use the spade, the crowbar, or the pickaxe, the ancients used the palstave or the hollow celt, fastened to a straight wooden shaft ; and this was the practice not only of the Romans, but of the Greeks and Macedonians, the Hebrews. Assyrians, and Carthaginians, and of all nations to which they extended the knowledge of their arts, or which were sufficiently advanced in civilisation to dwell in fortified places. ■■ 'ti:opvff(Tiivi:nAduQvTropi(T(Tnv. yEneas Tacticus, c. ."^7.
- ^^*' The Central Committee desire to acknowledge the kindness of the
Author, in presenting to the Society the numerous interesting Illustrations which accompany the foregoing Memoir. This unwonted contribution has appeared to justify a deviation, in the present Number, from the established lule, in regard to the limited extent of each Memoir given in the Journal. It has also seemed desirable to submit to our readers at one view the whole of the valuable examples, so carefully brought together from various countries, and for which they are indebted to the kind liberality of Mr. Yates, in the promotion of Archaeological incjuiry.
