348 ACCOUNT OF THE EXAMINATION OP TUMULI antiquary who has devoted any attention to primeval remains, will not fail to have noticed the unusual shape of these tumuli, without ditch or vallum, and the fact that only a single interment was, in any case, found in any one barrow ; the Fragments of Silex, probably for arrow-heads, found in a cinerary urn. Tumulus, No. 8. Original size. ^ erect position of the urns, and the entire absence of any cist, as well as of cairns of flints or stones as a protection. The precise position of the barrows is as follows : the most northerly (No. 4) is close to an occupation road, the boundary of Broughton parish ; beyond this, Appleby woods are seen. On the west, they are bounded by the road leading from Appleby to Bi-igg, and again beyond this, about half a mile, and parallel with the barrows, the Roman Way or Ermin Street runs. On the south side, distant I5 mile, is the village of Broughton. On the east, they are skirted by a small stream, called Ella-beck ; here it becomes flat and fenny. On this side, one field distant from the barrows, are seen the old forest-trees laying prostrate, their stems broken a foot above the root, some projecting half through the surface, whilst the rooted ends still continue upright and firm in the ground, the ragged ends protruding above the present level. The trees appear to be all oaks, and are now as black, and almost as hard, as ebony. This appears to have been the natural tree of the great fen forests of Lincolnshire, although the yew and alder are occasionally found. The land becomes
