RAWES
669
RAYMOND
Rawes, Henry Augustus, Oblate of St. Charles,
hymn-writer and preacher, b. at Easington near
Durham, England, 11 Dec, 1826; d. at Brighton,
24 April, 1885. Educated at the grammar school,
Houghton-le-Spring, where hi.s father was head-
master, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he
proceeded B.A. in 1849 and M.A. 1852, Rawes en-
tered the Anglican ministry, and after holding cura-
cies at St. Botolph's, Aldgate, and St. Bartholomew's,
Moor Lane, became warden of the House of Charity,
Soho, 1854. In 1856 he was received into the Catho-
lic Church at Edinburgh by Fr. Ignatius Grant, S.J.,
and on Whit-Monday, 1857, became one of the
original members of the English Congregation of
Oblates of St. Charles, founded at St. Mary of the
Angels, Bayswater. Ordained priest in November,
1857, Fr. Rawes took charge of the poor district of
the Potteries, Notting Hill, where he built the Church
of St. Francis of Assisi. As Cardinal Wiseman bears
witness, "this has been built entirely at the expense
of Fr. Rawes, an Oblate, who has spent all his for-
tune upon it" (Letter to Cardinal Bamab6 in 1860;
cf. W. Ward, "Life and Timesof Cardinal Wiseman",
II, 3.54). After acting as prefect of studies in St.
Charles's College, Bayswater, for some years, and doing
good work by his serniona and devotional writings,
Fr. Rawes was created D.D. by Pius IX at the in-
stance of Cardinal Manning. At Whitsuntide, 1880,
he became Superior of the Oblate Congregation, and
being re-elected in 1882 and 1884, continued to hold
this office till his death.
His sermons and devotional writings are strongly marked by a strain of mysticism which was already present in his early Anglican preaching. "Home- ward: a Tale of Redemption" (3rd ed., 1873) is an allegory somewhat in the vein of Bunyan, though illuminated by the light of Catholic theology. "The Beloved Disciple" (1872) is inspired by the devotion of which the author gave practical proof a few years later by founding a confraternity in honour of the Evangelist. In like manner, his deep personal de- votion to the Holy Ghost found expression not only in his writings but in the foundation of the Society of Servants of the Holy Ghost, which was subse- quently made an archconfraternity by Leo XIII. Among other smaller devotional works are : "Sursum; or, Sparks Flying Upward" (1864); "Septem; or, Seven Ways of Hearing Mass" (7th ed., 1869), and some original devotions for the Way of the Cross, published in 1877 with drawings by H.N.J. Westlake. His hymns, too little known nowadays, are remark- able for poetic beauty and deep religious devotion. Some of them appeared separately, but his best work is preserved in "Foregleams of the Desired" (3rd ed., 1881). When received into the Church he had pub- lished "The Lost Sheep, and other Poems". Besides his original writings, Fr. Rawes translated the En- cyclical of Leo XIII on Catholic Philosophy and the treatises of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Blessed Sacrament and on the Lord's Prayer. His volume of sermons, "God in His Works" (1872), shows that his poetic mysticism was compatible with a keen in- terest in modern scientific methods. And it may be remarked that in like manner his ultramontane con- servatism in matters of theology and Biblical criticism did not hamper his warm sympathies with political Liberalism. Yet his learned discourses and high- flown poetic fancies were a curious counterpart to his quaint ways and the blunt, homely simplicity of his language. At the same time the tender spirit that speaks in some of his hymns and prayers gives us a true knowledge of his kindly nature.
Cooper in Did. Nni. Biog., a. v.; Idem in Men of Ihe Time (1884); GiLLOW. BM. Did. Bng. Cath., 8. v.
W. H. Kent.
Rawlins, Alexander, Venerable. See Wal- POLE, Henry, Venerable.
Raymbault, Charles, missionary, b. in France,
1602; entered the Society of Jesus at Rouen (1621);
d. at Quebec, 1643. He was procurator to the
Canadian mission when he was called to Quebec
(1637). When the time came (1640) to give mis-
sionaries to the wandering tribes who frequently
visited the Hurons, chiefly Nipissings and Algon-
quins, living east and north of Lake Huron and on the
banks and islands of the Ottawa, Raymbault was
sent with Father Pijart to follow them. This mission
offered greater hardships than that of the Hurons,
Neutrals and Indians of the Tobacco Nation. The
generosity and devotedness of the Jesuits soon bore
fruits. When the Sauteux Indians (1641) besought
the "blackrobes" to visit them, Raymbault travelled,
with the future martjT Jogues, as far as the Sault
Ste. Marie on a voyage of exploration and with a
view to a more permanent apostolate. The mission-
aries, besides their desire to conquer souls, were in-
terested in the discovery of the famous passage to the
Western Sea. Shortly after his return, Raymbault
intended to join the Nipissings in their winter quar-
ters but he fell exhausted with fatigue, and was
brought to Quebec, where he soon died, the first
Jesuit who died in Canada. He was buried beside
Champlain. According to the Relation of 1643,
he was a man of great stature, of ordinary talent and
learning, of sound judgment, excellent heart, and
e.xperienced in temporal affairs.
RocHEMONTEix, Les Jesuites el la Nouvelle-France (Paria, 1896); Feruand, Cours d'histoire du Canada (Quebec. 1882); Thwaite-s, Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents (Cleveland,
189G-1901). Lionel Lindsay.
Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles, Count of Toulouse and of Tripoli, b. about 1043; d. at Tripoli in 1105. He was the son of Raymond III, Poas, and in 1088 succeeded his brother, William IV, who had died without male issue. From 1066 he had been Count of Rouergue, of Ximes, and of Narbonne, thus be- coming one of the most powerful lords of southern France. In 1095 he received the pope, Urban II, on his own estates and took the Cross with en- thusiasm, vowing never to return to his own domin- ions. After a pilgrimage to Chaise Dieu, he set out in October, 1096, entrusting the care of his dominions to his son Bertrand. His army was composed of Aquitanians and Provengals, the pope's legate, Adh(5raar of Monteil, Bishop of Le Puy, accompany- ing him. He traversed Lombardy and proceeded to Constantinople through the valleys of the Eastern Alps. After many a successful combat with the half- barbarous Slavs who inliabited this region, he arrived at Durazzo, where he found letters from the Emperor Alexius inviting him to Constantinople. Raymond accepted, leaving his army, which in his absence pillaged the country, and was attacked by the im- perial troops. At Constantinople Raymond re- fused to swear allegiance to Alexius, as most of the crusading chiefs had done. He afterwards took an active part in the expedition against Jerusalem, and, notwithstanding his rivalry with Bohemond, exercised a very great influence on the course of events. He could not prevent Bohemond from taking Antioch in 1098, and out of spite against the Norman chief he became reconciled with the Emperor Alexius, to whom he restored the city of Laodicea (February, 1099). After his rupture with Bohemond, Raymond directed the great bulk of the crusaders against Jerusalem, and was actively engaged in the capture of the Holy City (8 July, 1099). He refused the title of king, and left Jerusalem to return to Con- stantinople in 1100. He was chosen chief of a new army of crusaders, which was destroyed by the Turks in Asia Minor. Returning to Syria in 1102, he was imprisoned at Tarsus by Tancred, and, on being re- leased, seized Tripoli (1103), where he died two years later.
