Mary, Saint, Sisters of. See Saint Mary Sisters of.
Mary, Servants of (Order of Servites; cf. C. E., IX-750b).—At the general chapter of the order, held in Florence in 1913, Rev. Alexis Lepicier, b. at Vancouleurs, France, and professor of dogma at Propaganda, was elected prior general to succeed Rev. Guiseppe Lucchesi. On account of the troubl-time the next general chapter was not held until 1920, and Fr. Lepicier ruled the order for seven instead of six years. His successor is Aloysius Tabanelli, professor of moral theology at the Bologna Seminary, elected prior general at the general chapter held at Monteberico, Vicenza, 1920. In 1913, the order assumed a mission, detached from the Vicariate Apostolic of Natal, in Swaziland. The superior of the mission resides at the capital, Nbabanc. In 1914 apostolic work was also taken up at S. Antonio de Obligado, Santa Fe, Argentina. In 1920 Mgr. Prosper Bernardi, consecrated titular Bishop of Paltus, became the first prelate of the Prelature of Acre and Purus in Brazil, detached from the Diocese of Manaos. He reached his new official residence, Senna Madureira, in August. In 1910 two new houses of the order were opened, one in Chicago, and one at Ladysmith, Wis., and also two missions in Missouri, one at Malden, and one at Wilhelmina; in 1912 Notre Dame de la Défense, Montreal, Canada; in 1913 Notre Dame du Mont Carmel, also at Montreal, and one at Vancouver, B. C.; in 1914 one at Ottawa; in 1916 one at Welby, Col.; and in 1917 one at Portland, Ore. The novitiate of the American Sisters has been transferred from Cheropee, Ia., to Omaha, Neb. Mgr. Pellegrino Stagni, former prior general of the Servites and Apostolic Delegate to Canada, died 23 September, 1918.
Mary, Society of, of Paris (Marianistes; cf. C. E., IX—752b).—In 1917 the Society had 170 houses and 1800 religious. The superior general, Very Rev. Joseph Hiss, celebrated his sacerdotal golden jubilee in 1921, the occasion being commemorated throughout the order. For its scholarly works in Japan the Society was awarded a prize of 10,000 francs by the French Academy, 25 November, 1920. This prize was instituted for spreading a knowledge of the French language outside of France. And according to a statement in "Tunisie catholique" (2 Oct., 1920) it is through the Marianistes that the intellectually élite of the bourgeoisie and the official world in Japan have learned to know France in her language. her history, and her spirit, as have also the common people. They reach all classes of people in Japan, through their academies, commercial schools, night schools and vocation schools for adults, and normal school. The academy at Tokio numbers 1200 pupils, of whom 553 are in the primary classes and 647 in secondary classes; the commercial school at Osaka has 868 pupils; and the academy at Nagasaki has 547. There are 54 students at the apostolic school at Urakami. The College of St. Joseph at Yokohoma has 253 pupils recruited chiefly from the foreign settlement in the city composed mostly of English and Americans. The Marianistes wish to found other schools at Osaka and Fukuoha, but the losses suffered by the Society during the war and the lack of subjects, due to difficulties in the recruiting of religious since 1903, make this at present impos- sible. In Hawaii the Marianistes direct the College of St. Louis at Honolulu, with 950 pupils of whom 400 are non-Catholics. Since its foundation in 1883 there have been 273 conversions to the faith at this college, and in 1920 alone there were 74.
In the United States the Society numbers 551 members, located in 59 establishments of which 6 are colleges, 20 high schools, and the remainder parish schools. St. Mary's College at Dayton, Ohio, was established as the University of Dayton in 1920, in which year colleges of Education and of Finance and Commerce, and the School of Sociology were added; the College of Engineering was opened in 1911; and the pre-Medical School began its courses in 1915. The Society has 2 provinces in the United States: the Cincinnati Province with 39 institutions and 370 members; and the St. Louis Province with 20 institutions and 181 members. The latter has its provincial house and novitiate at Maryhurst, near Kirkwood, Mo., with a normal school under erection The residence of the provincial of the Cincinnati Province is at Mount St. John, Dayton, Ohio. New foundations in the Cincinnati Province are: Cathedral Latin School, Cleveland, Ohio, West Philadelphia Catholic High School for Boys, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mount St. John Normal School, Dayton, Ohio; and a new Juniorate at Beacon, N. Y.
Mary, of St. Philip, Sister. See Lecsher, Frances Mary.
Maryknoll. See Foreign Mission Society of America, Catholic. Maryland (cf. C. E., IX—755b).—The total area of the State of Maryland is 12,327 square miles, of which 2386 are water.
Population.—The total population in 1920 was 1,449,661, an increase of 154,315 or of 11.9 per cent since 1910. The average number of persons to the square mile was 1458. The urban population was 60 per cent; the rural population 40 per cent. The numerical rank of the State has decreased in every census, being sixth in 1790 and twenty-seventh in 1920. The negro population is about 244,000. Baltimore increased 31 per cent in population during the census decade 1910-20. The federal census of 1920 gives it 733,828 inhabitants as against 558,485 in 1910. The religious census of 1916 shows 2936 church organizations with a membership (communicants) of 602,587. The Census Bureau dropped the word "communicants" and accepted from each body its own report of members. The number of Catholics is therefore put down in 1916 as 219,530. Other totals are: Baptists, 44,866; Disciples, or Christians, 5719; Dunkers, 6538; Friends, 4790; Methodists, 166,445; Presbyterians, 21,551; Reformed Presbyterians, 15,801; United Brethren, 8428. The total number of church edifices reported was 2879, with a valuation of $29,162,381.
Resources.—There were 4937 manufacturing establishments in the State in 1919, with 140,400 wage earners. The capital invested was $619,607,000 and the total value of products $873,945,000. In 1920 Maryland had 47,908 farms valued at $463,638,120. In the same year the value of the agricultural crops was $109,811,164; corn, wheat, hay, and tobacco are the principal crops. The fisheries of the state are very valuable, especially the oyster fisheries which yield more than those of any other state. There are ample facilities for traffic both by sea and land, the state having 1409 miles of railway track, while 30 or more steamboat lines enter the port of Baltimore. The construction of a Chesapeake and Delaware ship canal by the Federal Government is in progress and its extension from Norfolk to North Carolina has been recommended.
Education.—In 1920 there were in Maryland 64,434 illiterates over 10 years of age. Of the native whites, 13,884 illiterates or 2 per cent, were of native parentage, 1484 or 9 per cent, were of foreign or mixed parentage. The illiterates among the foreign
