NEW JEBSSY 532 NEW JERSEY
prescribed studies pnxiuce educational results equiv- The agricultural census (1920) gives 29,702 farms in
alent to those produced by the teaching of ihe same the State, a decrease of 11.3 per cent, since 1909.
studies in the public schools. If any private school The farm area is 2,28^,5S5 acres, the value of farm
fails to comply with the above mentioned require- property $311,847,948. an increase of 22.4 per cent,
ments, it is the legal duty of the Board to revoke its since 1909. The chier crops are cereals $87,464,445;
approval of this school. vegetables $40,669,147: fruits and nuts $11,809,078.
Recent Legislation and History. — ^There has The railroad mileage of the State is 2461, the length
been some activity on the part of the State and of electric railway 1593 miles; of canals 175 miles.
Federal Governments to preserve the natural beauties There is no State debt.
of New Hampshire by extensive purchases of forest Education. — Education is compulsory and free lands and mountain peaks. In 1911, Crawford Notch for all between the ages of 7 and 15. A child of was purchased by the State. In 1916, the United 14-16 years of age who has an employment certificate States Government purchased under the Weeks and yet is temporarily unemployed must attend Forestry Act a tract of 550 acres in the White Moun- school at least 20 hours a week; if employed, he must tains, to be added to lands aheady acquired and set attend for 6 hours a week for 36 weeks a year. All apart for reservation purposes. This purchase gave educational institutions and public libraries are tax the Government control of practically all the peaks exempt. In 1919 educational corporations and chari- of the Presidential Range. There have been changes table organization were authorized to make changes in in the State administration in the creation of the their acts or certificate of incorporation and their following: State Tax Commission (1911), Bureau of organizations. In 1916 the State took over the Labor (1911), Board of Conciliation and Arbitration Burlington Colony for the Feeble-minded, which is (1913), Department of Agriculture and Highway now known as the State Colony for Feeble-minded Commission (1915), Child Welfare Department Males. In 1918 the State charitable^ penal, and re- (1918). The Employers' Liability Act was passed in formatory institutions were centralized under the 1911; mothers' pensions provided, women's labor Department of Institutions and Agencies. School limited^ and registration of foreign corporations re- authorities are forbidden to inquire into 'the religious quired m 1913. The judiciarv was authorized in 1919 faith of teachers seeking appointment. Bible reading to order an allowance by the husband to his wife in the public schools is ooligatory. The laws governing during the pendency of a suit for divorce, and the private and parochial schools are as follows: "The governor was allow^^ to issue marriage licenses to common branches shall be taught in English to all ministers to marry persons within the State. The children of compulsory school age. Private schools Fedei^ Prohibition Act was ratified on 15 January, shall annually make such reports to the Commis- 1919, and tiie Suffrage Act, 10 September, 1919. An sioner of Education as he mav require. Such finan- inheritance tax went into effect in 1918. During the cial reports shall not be made public by the Corn- European War, N<^w Hampshire sent into the United missioner. The common branches of elementary States army, 14,374 soldiers, or .38 per cent of the education must be taught by competent teachers to enrolment. The members of the national guard all children of compulsory age. Private schools joined the 26th Division and those of the national must be in session for all aavs and hours of public army the 76th Division, both at Camp Devens. The schools." According to the New Jersey State Report summary of casualties oi the New Hampshire members for 1919, there are now 2163 public schools with a of the American Expeditionary Force is as follows: seating capacity of 570,061. The total value of the deceased, 19 officers, 339 men; prisoners, 2 officers, school property is estimated at $83,580,432. There 17 men; wounded, 30 officers, 1128 men. are 18,007 teachers, of whom 2233 are men and 15.774
are women. These receive an average yearly salary
New Jersey (cf. C. E., X— 790a).~The total of $1083.27.' For the school year, the current ex- area of the State of New Jersey is 8224 s(]uare miles penses of the schools amounted to $25,451,014; the of which 710 are water. The population in 1920 was cost of permanent improvements was $2,772,218. 3,155,900. an increase of 24.4 per cent, since 1910. the special appropriation amounted to $4,030,593, The density is 420 persons a square mile. Of the a total of $32,253,825. In 1920 the expenditure was
g^pulation, 78.8 per cent, is urban, 21 .3 per cent, rural. $30,854,795. In the seventy public high schools
f the whites 628,402 were foreign bom, and 1,752,- there were 2365 teachers and 53,710 pupils. The
736 were native; and of the latter, 705,784 were of three normal schools at Trenton, Montclair, and
native parentage, 705,784 foreign parentage, 209,- Newark (established in 1912), have 105 teachers and
328 mixed. Of the population of ten years and over 2015 students.
127,661 were iUiterate (5.1 per cent.) The largest Reugion. — According to the latest United States
cities are: Trenton 119,289; Newark 414,524; Jersey Census of Religious Denominations (1916), the
City 298,103; Camden 116,309; Paterson 135,875. Catholics numbered 790,764, or 59.1 per cent.;
Economic Status. — During the war the accesi- Methodist Episcopalians 131,211 or 9.8; Presby-
bility of New Jersey to foreign ports increased the terians 102,290 or 7.6 per cent.; Protestant Epis-
industrial productivity of the State. Shipbuilding copalians 67,996 or 5.1 per cent.; Jews 15,720 or
was started on a large scale on the flat-lands of the 1.2 per cent.; for further religious and educational
coast, and great industrial plants were built. The statistics see Newark, Diocese of; Trenton »
manufacturing census of 1919 revealed 11,062 es- Diocese of.
tablishments, with 603,889 persons engaged earning Recent History and Legislation. — In 1911 was
for their services $773,001,000. The capital in- enacted the Geran Bill, extending the application
vested was $2,835,441,000, and the value of the pro- of the direct primary, providing for the blanket
ducts $3,677,165,000. New Jersey has valuable Massachusetts ballot, and for the prevention of
fisheries, the shell-fish for 1919 being valued at fraud. Acts were also passed to prohibit indecent
$6,700,000. Of the mineral production of the State, publications; to make it a misdemeanor to bribe a
the clay and clay products led, with a value of $21,- representative of a labor organization; to provide
837,396, the chief output being sanitary ware. In for the challenging of jurors in civil and criminal cases,
the production of zinc ore the State ranked second to create a Board of Utility Commissioners, to es-
of the States in the Union. The following are the tablish a Commission of Old Age Insurance and
most important mineral products of ike State and Pensions, to provide for employers' liability and
their value: iron ore $1,945,651; trap rock $1,475,358; workmen's compensation. In 1914 a direct in-
limestone $674,397; sand and gravel $2,462,864. heritance tax was passed. The Bill giving cities
