SONORA ggS SOUTH CABOLINA
Sonora, Diocese of (de Sonora; cf. C. £. of negroes. Of the population ten years and over
XIV — 145), in Mexico, suffragan of Durango, is 220,667 (18.1%) were illiterate. Among the native
governed by Mgr. Juan Navarette, b. in Oaxaca on whites, the illiterates numbered 38,639; among the
12 August, 1886; graduated doctor of theology, i)hil- forei^-bom whites 391; among the negroes, 181,422
osophv, canon and civil law at Rome; driven into The illiterate white males of voting age numbered
exile diuring the Revolution; appointed to the see on 13 17,385; Uie illiterate white females, 15,988; the illite-
January, 1919, and consecrated at Aguascalientes on 8 rate niale negroes, 69,185; female negroes, 76,842.
June followmg. He succeeded Mgr. Valdespino y Economic status. — ^According to the census of
Diaz, who was transferred to Aguascalientes on 10 manufactures taken in 1919. there are 2004 establish-
January, 1913. As one might naturally construe from ments. with an average of 79,400 wage earners, a
the lengthy episcopal vacancy, the diocese suffered capitalof $374,538,000, products worth $381,454,000.
very severely during the Mexican Civil wars, and Agriculture is more than holding its own in the
from the activity of the sectaries. The population. State, the number of farms in 1920 being 192,693,
however, is practically all Catholic and besides an increase of 9.2% since 1910. The vsdue of all
Spanish Mexicans, includes Creoles, mestizos and farm property was $953,064, of live stock, $91,518;
Indians. The latest diocesan statistics report 28 of all crops, $437,121,837. The chief crops were
parishes, 85 churches or chapels. 19 secular priests, 5 oats, 3,597,835 bushels, valued at $4,317,400; com,
seminarians, 25 Sisters, 1 boys^ college, 5 jnrls' col- 27,472,013 bushels, $54,944,026; wheat, 630,911
leges with 25 teachers and 500 students. There is a bushels, $1,634,062: rye, 50,342 bushels, $143,477.
Catholic propaganda sheet with a circulation of More than one fourtn of the land is devoted to cotton,
30,000. South Carolina being the third State in the produc-
<■ ^aj^-r ^oo T « ^on of cotton, producing 1,476,645 bales, valued at
Sons of Saint Joseph. See Saint Joseph, Sons of $259,889,520. Tobacco is also extensively grown,
8ontag.J^,..SeeM:sa.oK,CoKOBKe.TXOKOKTHE iVi^^^JyTi^^r^^^^^Z^H^
Sorrento, Archdiocese of (Surrbntinbnsis; of $96,757,000; 342 state banks with a capital of
cf. C. E. XIV-Tl51h), in the province of Naples, $14,820,000, and 28 savings banks with a capitid of
Southern Italy. Most Rev. Giuseppe Giustiniani, $9,697,647. On 1 January, 1920, ihe State debt
who had succeeded to the see in 1886, died 6 July, amounted to $5,382,059; the assessed value of real
1917, and was succeeded by the present incumbent property $207,829,170; of personal property $152 , -
Most Rev. Paolo lacuzio, b. at Forino, 1862, elected 670,741. The railroad mile^ is 3824. Repent
bishop of Capaccio in 1900, promoted 9 July, 1917. improvements to the Savannah River have made it
From January to April, 1918, he was apostolic ad- navigablefor over 200 milesfrom Savannah to Augusta,
ministrator of Capaccio and was appointed to the Ga- Charleston, with its fine harbor, ia a great
same office for Castellamare di Stabia 23 January, commercial port, its imports in 1919, being $2,618,
1920. The statistics for 1920 give a Catholic popu- 869. exports, $21,407,596. ^. , ^ ,
lation of 55.900 divided into 36 parishes and served Education.— Private and parochial schools must
by 266 secular and 34 regular pnests. There are 16 »ve their instruction in the English language. There
seminarians, 197 Sisters, 235 churches and chapels, shall be exempt from taxation all schools, colle^, and
On 10 December, 1914, the church of St. Michael at institutions of leammg, except where the profits are
Piano was made a minor basilica. applied to private uses; provided, that as to real estate,
the exemption shall not extend beyond the buildings
Sorrowfnl Mother, Sistebs of the, a community and premises actually occupied. Private schools
with mother-house in Rome, founded in 1883, by shall report to county superintendent relative to
Mother Mary Frances Streitel who was also the enrollment attendance, teachers, grade, and amount
first mother general. In 1889 the Sisters came to of work. Persons in charge of private educational
America where they devoted their lives to the institutions shall make such statistical reports to
education of children and the care of the sick. The state superintendent as he may require. Private
American novitiate is at Marshfield, Wis., where school to be lawfully attended by children of oompul-
ample means are provided to prepare the Sisters sory school age must be approved by the State Board,
for their profession as teachers and nurses. The Among the laws passed in 1920 was an actencouraging
congregation numbers 300 Sisters, 6 novices, and 6 teaching of agriculture, industry, and domestic
postulants. They are represented in the Archdio- science m the public schools. A State Board of cor-
case of Santa Fe and the Dioceses of Green Bay, rectional administration was established in 1918 and
La Crosse, Newark, Oklahoma City, Superior, under its control were placed the South Carolina
Wichita, and Winona. They have charge of the industrial School and the State Refonnatory for
following institutions: 1 sanitarium; 10 hospitals; Ne™ Boys and the new State Indurtnal School for
1 orphanage, and 5 schools. Their rules have been pirls- In the same year a State Trammg School
approved by the Holy See. ^ot the Feeble-Mmded was opened. In 1919 an
equalization fund for needy schools was provided by
South Carolina (cf. C. E., XIV — 157b). — ^The the state, guaranteeing a minimum school term of
area of the State is 30,989 square miles. In 1920 the 7 months in any school district voting an 8 mill tax.
population was 1,683,724, an increase of 11.1% Provision was made for improvement of school
since 1910. Of this, 17.5 was urban; 82,5 was rural, conditions in industrial centres. School attendance
The average number of persons to the square mile is is compulsory for children between the ages of ei^t
55.2 as against 49.7 in 1910. Since 1910 three new and fourteen, for four months* i the year, or dunng
counties have been organized from parts of six others, the school term, if it is shorter than four months.
South Carolina has 15 cities of which Charleston, Bible reading in the public schools is neither permitted
with a population of 67^957, is the largest. The nor excluded.
others include: Columbia, 37,524; Spartanburg, In 1920 there were in the State 2332 schools for
22,638; Greenville, 23,127. The negro population white children emploving 753 men teachers, and
exceeds the white population, the whites numbering 5646 women and teaching 226,065 whites, with an
818,538; the negroes 864,719, but the percentage of average attendance of 153,511. For negro children,
negroes is decreasing, 55.2% in 1910, 51.4% in there are 2502 public schools employing 670 men and
1920. Allendale (77.6%), Beaufort (78.4%), Fair- 2630 women, teaching 251^80 pupils with an average
field (76.1%), Counties have there gatest percentage attendance of 177,940. The totiL, revenue of both
