THSAOE 730 TIEBNAK
articles to the "Precis historiques (Brussels), and Thnrean-Dangin, Paul, histonan, b. at Paris on
later published a "History of Mathematics" in the 14 December, 1837; d. at Cannes on 25 February,
same review. In 1896 he was appointed secretary of 1913. He studied law, practiced in the Court of
the Soci6t6 scientifique de Bruxelles and editor of the Appeal in Paris and was an auditor in the Conseil
"Annales" of the Society and later of the "Revue des d'Etat. His taste, however, was historical and literary
questions scientifiques/' As a prof essor Thirion was rather than forensic; and as associate editor of
noted for the lucidity of his exposition of intricate "Le Pran^ais" and a contributor to "Le Cor-
questions, which he rendered more attractive by brief respondant" he supported the Orleanist family. In
historical sketches; so in his contribution to the 1863 he pubUshea "La Pologne et les traits de
"Revue des questions scientifiques" the same lucidity Vienne" and four years later ne abandoned all his
and attractiveness are noted. Optics was his favorite other pursuits to devote himself to the study of
subject, but he contributed many interesting scien- history and the interests of relinon. In his "Histoire
tific biographies. de la Monarchic de Juillet" (7 vols. 1884-92), his
ScHAiTBBB in Revue de aue^.i^ieni., XXVlli (Louvain, 1920). documentations, his power of synthesis, together with
27-52. giving bibliography of Thinonswnting.. ^ accuracy and impartiaUty revillhe master
Tbrace, Vicariate Apootolic of (Thraciae historian. This work and his zeal for the purity of
BuLGARORTJM), was crcctcd 7 April, 1883, for the the language won for him in 1893 a chau- in the
Greco-Bulgarian Catholics in Eiux)pean Turkey. French Academy, of which he became perpetual
The total population of the territory numbers about secretary in 1908. Thureau-Dangin was one of the
410,000 and of this number only 3000 are Catholic, few Frenchmen who zrasped the intricacies of the
These are served by 16 missionary priests, 20 churches Oxford Movement and its consequences, and in his
and chapels, 13 schools with 600 pupils. At present "Renaissance Catholique en Angleterre" (1899)
(1922) &ere is no vicar apostouc named for this he traces in detail the simultaneous development of
territory. High Church Anglicanism and Catholicism in
England from the b^nnning of the Oxford Movement.
Three Blvers, Diocese of (Trifluvianensib; cf. He was inclined to liberalism at times in the matter,
C. E., XIV — 708d), formed from the Archdiocese of for instance, of Biblical criticism and the relations
Quebec to which it is now suffragan. It comprises of the Church and the State, but on realizing the
a Catholic population of 108,000 French Canadians Church's teaching he corrected his stand unhesitat-
patriotism and charity, and large numbers of the populaire dans I'ltalie de la RenaiBsanoe> Saint
young men joined the ranks, many of them giving up Bemardin de Sienne" (1896). their lives and others receiving decorations of honor.
Recently the most important developments in the Thnrlngla (cf. C. E., XIV— 712c), a new state in
progress of the diocese have been the holding of a Central Germany formed on 24 December, 1919, by
diocesan ^od, the organization of the "Corporation the union of the former grand duchies of Saxe-
ouvrito Catholique," a society for Catholic working Weimar-Eiseanch, Saxe-Meiningen, Gotha, Sajce
men, and the establishment of a semi-weekly journal. Altenburg-Reuss, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarz-
The diocese has however lost several prominent mem- burg-Sonderhausen. The area is 4546 square miles;
bers by the deaths of: Mgr. Hermyle Baril, P. A., the population according to the last census (1 Decem-
vicar general and administrator of the diocese, ber, 1910) was 1,510,538 or 3322 inhabitants per
principal of the normal school and one time superior square miles. The capital is Weimar; other towns are
of the seminary, died 17 February. 1915; Canon H. Gera, Gotha, Jena. Eisenach, Greiz, Rudolstadin
Trahan, pastor of Saint Sdvdre, deceased in 1917; Amstadt, and Sonderhausen. Until the formation
His Honor Judge F. S. Tourigny, died in 1916. The ©f the new constitution the Legislature (Volksrat)
diocese comprises, according to latest statistics, 57 was composed of the deputies of the Le^slatures of
parishes, 80 churches, 4 missions, 9 stations, 1 monas- the seven republics; the executive authority being in
tery for men, 3 for women, 1 convent for men, 9 the hands of a ministry (Staatsrat) composed of
for women, 135 secular and 30 regular clergy, 175 representatives of the government of eacn of the
lay brothers, 1 seminary with 355 professors and an seven states, alumni of 500, 18 higher schools for boys with 150
teachers and 3000 students, 20 higher schools for Tibet, Vicariate Apostolic of (Thibbtaneksib;
girls with 175 teachers and 3500 students. 12 aca- cf. C. E., Ill— 678b, VI— «03c), in China, with
demies with 60 teachers and 1800 pupils (800 boys episcopal residence at Ta-tsien-lu. By a decree of
and 1000 girls), 1 normal school with 10 teachers and 20 March, 1912, Propaganda added to this vicariate
100 pupils, 332 elementary schools with 600 teachers the country between the boundaries of Tibet and the
and 30,000 pupils, 3 industrial schools, 2 diocesan territory of the East Indies known as British Boutan.
missionary organizations, 4 homes, 6 orphanages, which was too far from Calcutta, on which it had
2 hospitals, 1 reformatory, 4 other chantable in- formerly depended. The vicariate is entrusted to stitutions and 1 poor house. Four of the public the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, the present institutions permit the priests to minister in them and vicar being Rt. Rev.' Pierre-Philippe Giraudeau^ for the most part the schools receive financial aid titular BisEop of Thynias. The territory counts from the government. Among the clergy the Society 3759 Catholics and 600 catechumens out of a total of Priests Adorers, Society of the Blessed Virgin, the population of 4,000,000. It is served by 25 European St. .Thomas Aquinas Fund, and the "Soci4t6 d'une pnests, 2 native priests, 18 churches and chapels, Messe," are organized, and among the laity the 34 stations, 1 semmary with 10 students, 21 schools Third Orders of St. Francis and of St. Dommic, the with 266 pupils, 2 hospitals, 5 orphanages and 6 League of the Sacred Heart, and the St. Vincent de Chinese religious.
Paul Society are established, besides some minor
associations. The see is at present filled by Rt. Tieman, Frances Christine, authoress, known
Rev. FVan^ois-Xavier Cloutier, bom in this cuocese more widely by her pseudonym, "Christian Reid,"
in 1848, ordained in 1872, appointed bishop 8 May, b. at Salisbury, North Carolina, on 5 July, 1846; d.
1899. and named an assistant at the pontifical throne there on 24 March, 1920; daughter of Colonel Charles
3 February, 1916. Frederick and Elizabeth Clarissa (Caldwell) Fisher.
