Bishop England, and was ordained priest at Charleston,
S. C, 24 September, 1825. After ministering
for several years in Georgia, in which State he opened
the first Catholic day school at Savannah, he was
made Vicar-General of the Diocese of Charleston
and superior of the seminary in 184-}, while still re-
taining charge of the parish at Augusta, Georgia. In
1S53 he was appointed Vicar-General of Savannah,
under Bishop Gartland, and when, in 1854, that
prelate died of yellow fever, he was named administrator
of the diocese, and as such attended the
Eighth Provincial Council of Baltimore, in May,
1855. He was then appointed to the vacant see
and consecrated at Baltimore, 2 August, 1857. He
governed the diocese with energy and was especially
notable during his missionary labours for his charity
and zeal in several yellow-fever epidemics. Ill health
forcing him to make a visit (July, 1859) to Europe,
he died at the house of the Brothers of St. John of
God, in Paris, 19 November, 1859, having lost his
reason some time before his death. His body was
brought back to Savannah for burial, in September,
1865.
Shea, Hist. Cath. Ch. in U. S. (New York, 1904); Reuss, Biug. Cycl. of the Cath. Hierarchy (Milwaukee, Wis., 1898); Clarke, Lives of the Deceased Bishops (New York, 1872); Catholic Almanac, 1833 to 1860.
Thomas F. Meehan.
Barry, Patrick, horticulturist, b. near Belfast, Ireland, May, 1816; d. at Rochester, New York, U. S. A., 23 June, 1890. After teaching for a while in his native land, he emigrated to America in 1836 and was employed by a nurserjTuan at Flushing, Long Island. In 1849 he became a partner in the same business with George EUwanger at Rochester, New York. The firm took the lead in importing from abroad or developing by culture improved varieties of flowering plants and fruits, hardy exotics, and introducing to cultivation wild species of shade trees. Their nurseries developed into the largest in the country. Barry wrote extensively on subjects connected with pomology and flower-gardening, and edited "The Genesee Farmer" from 1844 to 1852, and "The Horticulturalist" from 1852 to 1854. His published works include a "Treatise on the Fruit Garden" (New York, 1851; new ed. 1872) and a "Catalogue of the American Pomological Society".
Cycl. of Am. Biog. (New York, 1900).
Thomas F. Meehan.
Barry, Paul de, b. at Leucate in 1587; d. at Avignon, 28 July, 1661. He was a member of the Society of Jesus, rector of the Jesuit colleges at Aix, Nimes, and Avignon, and Provincial of Lyons. He composed a number of devotional works on the Blessed Virgin, St. Joseph, and the saints, and a "Pensez-y-bien", which latter had a large circulation and has been translated into several languages. The only ones of his works translated into English are "Pious Remarks upon the Life of St. Joseph", published in 1600; the "Glories of St. Joseph" (Dublin, 1835); "Devotions to St. Joseph", edited by the Rev. G. Tickell, S.J. (London, 187–).
Bibliothèque de la compagnie de Jésus, I, 945.
S. H. Frisbee
Barry, Thomas Francis. See Diocese of Chatham.
Barsanians. See Monophysites and Monophysitism.
Barthe, John Mary. See Diocese of Trichinopoly.
Barthel, Johann Caspar, a German canonist, b. 10 June, 1697, at Kitzingen, Bavaria; d. 8 April, 1771. He was the son of a fisherman, attended the schools of his native place, and from 1709 to 1715 studied at the Jesuit College at Wurzburg. In 1715 he entered the seminary of the latter city and in 1721 was ordained priest. Christopher von Hutten, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, sent him, in 1725, to Rome to study ecclesiastical law under Prosper Lambertini, later Pope Benedict XIV. Barthel returned as Doctor Utriusque Juris, in 1727, to Würzburg, where he became president of the seminary and (1728) professor of canon law at the university. Other ecclesiastical and academical honours, among them the vice-chancellorship of the university (1754), were conferred upon him. He took an active part in settling the controversy occasioned by the erection of the new Diocese of Fulda (1752). His chief importance, however, lies in his career as a teacher. His work in that line was appreciated by both Catholics and Prot- estants, and his lectures were circulated at various schools. He broke with the traditional method in canonical science, being one of the first to adopt the historico-critical treatment in Germany. His efforts to distinguish between the essentials and nonessentials in Catholic doctrines, and his attribution of excessive power to the State in its relations with the Church caused his opinions to be denounced at Rome as unorthodox. In his "Promemorid" (1751) he submitted his views and method to his former teacher, Benedict XIV, and obtained a favourable decision. His works, apart from what was written in the Fulda controversy, as "De Pallio" (1753), deal principally with the relations between Church and State, especially in Germany. Several of them are found in the "Opuscula juridica varii argumenti" (Würzburg, 1765, 1771).
Stamminger in Kirchenlex., I, 2051, 2052; Schulte, Die Geschichte d. Quellen in Lit. des kan. Rechls (Stuttgart. 1875-80), III, i, 183-185; Idem, Allg. deutsch. Biograph. (Xeip- zig, 1875—), II, 103.
N. A. Weber.
Barthelemy, Jean-Jacques, a celebrated French numismatologist and writer, b. at Cassis (Provence), 1716; d. in Paris, 1795. He began his classical studies at the College of the Oratory in Marseilles, took up philosophy and theology at the Jesuits' college, and finally attended the seminary of the Lazarists, where he devoted most of his time to Oriental languages. He soon became renowned for his scholarship and earnestness in learned researches, in which he rivalled the Humanists of the Renaissance. Having completed his course, he received the tonsure and wore the ecclesiastical habit without taking Holy orders. For several years he lived in his lonely residence at Aubagne, near Marseilles, devoting himself entirely to numismatics, under the direction of his friend, M. Cary of Marseilles. In 1744, he went to Paris and became secretary to M. de Boze, keeper of the medals at the King's Library, and three years later he was elected to the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres. In 1753, he succeeded M. de Boze and remained in this position until the Revolution, during his term nearly doubling the collection.
In 1754, he was sent to Italy on a scientific mission. On his way, he gathered a large number of medals, and conceived the idea of the book which made his name famous, "Voyage du Jeuno Anacharsis en Grece vers le milieu du IV'= siecle avant l'ere vulgaire". This book, begun in 1756, was not finished until 1788, and was a description of ancient Greece, of Hellenic civilization, institutions, arts, history philosophy, and literature, appealing to every class by reason of its charming narratives and vivid pictures. In successive reprints and English translations (London, 1790, 1800), it still finds readers. Recent archaeological discoveries have shown some of the statements to be erroneous, but on the whole the book remains a very successful attempt to diffuse a correct knowledge of Greek manners and customs. From the time of Barthelemy's journey through Italy,
