BROTHERS
803
BROUWER
Darlington, Yorkshire, was founded in 1880 for the
reception of male patients suffering from chronic
infirmities, paralysis, or old age. It is supported by
charitable contributions and pajanents for inmates.
It is pleasantly situated in a very healthj' country
district. . .
The Brothers undergo a special course of trainmg in order to fit them for carrj-ing out their various works of charity, to which they devote their life. In some provinces some of them are even graduates in medicine, surgery, and chemistry. The members are not in Holy orders, but priests wishing to devote their sacred ministrj- to the Brothers and patients are received. After the example of their founder, they seek their own sanctification and their patients' spiritual and corporal welfare. To the three soleimi vows of religion they add a foiu-th, of serving the sick for life in their hospitals. They also perform the usual duties and pious exercises of the religious life. They assist daily at Holy Mass, meditation, the re- cital in choir of 'the office of Our Lady, and spiritual reading. Young men of good disposition, sound health and pos,sessing aptitude for the order, and re- solved to serve God generously in the religious life are received from the age of fifteen to thirty-five. The religious habit is usually giveu to postulants after three months. The time cf novitiate is two vears, after which the no\-icp pronounces the vows which, although simple, <ire perpetual. Three years later, he can be admuted to solemn profession.
Louis Gaudet.
Brothers of Charity. See Ch.\ritt, Congreg.\- TioN" '>t THE Brothers of.
rrothers of Mercy. See Mercy. Brothers op.
Brothers of Our Lady of Lourdes. See Ouk L.\DY OF Lourdes, Brothers of.
Brothers of St. GabrieL See G.\briel, Brothers OF Saixt.
Brothers of the Angels. See Gichtel, Johann Georg.
Brothers of the Christian Schools. See Insti- tute OF Brothers of the Christian Schools.
Brothers of the Cross. See Cross, Brothers OF the.
Brothers of the Holy Infancy. See Holt In-
FANTY, liliOTHERS OF THE.
Brothers of the Sacred Heart. See S.icred Heart, Brothers of the.
Broughton, Rich.\rd (alias Rouse), b. about 1.5.58 at Groat Stukelev, Huntingdonshire; d. according to a Wood, 1.5 Kal. Feb. (i. e. 18 Januan,', 16.34); Cath- olic priest and antiquary, claiming descent from the Brouglitons of Lancashire. He was ordained at Koims, 4 -May, 1.593, and .soon after returned to England. John Pitts, a contemporarj", says that he "gathered a most abundant harvest of souls into the granary of Christ" and eulogizes his attainments in being "no less familiar with literature than learned in Greek and Hebrew". Broughton became an a.ssistant to the archpriest, a canon of the chapter, and vicar-general to Bishop Smith of Chalcedon. He also claims recognition for his influence on the study of antiquity; having earned, partly by his positive work and partly through controversy, the right to honourable mention \yith Spelman, Rejmer, Dugdule, and other well-knowni antiquarians.
Broughton 's chief works are: (1) "An Apologicall Epistle, .serving as preface to ... a Resolution of Religion", .signed R. B. (Antwerp, 1601); (2) "The first part of the Re.solution of Religion By R. B.' (Antwerp, 1603), often mistaken for Persons' "Re.s- olution"; (3) "A Xew .Manuall of old Christian Catholick Meditations" (1617), dedicated to Anne of
Denmark; (4) "The Judgment of the Apostles'
(Douai, 1632), dedicated to Queen Henrietta Maria
and directed against Rogers on the Thirty-nine
Articles; (5) "Ecclesiastical! Historic of Great Brit-
aine" (Douai, 1633), dedicated to the Duchess of
Buckingham and the Countess of Rutland; (6)
"A True Memorial" (London, 1650), published by
G. S. P(riest) after Broughton's death. The 1654
edition is entitled "Monasticon Britannicum ". (7)
Broughton also wrote on the antiquity of the word
Steriingorum (Hearne, II, 318, 381); (S) on the
alleged conversion (1621) of John lung, Bisliop of
London; and (9) "A Relation of the Martyrdom of
Nicholas GarUck".
Wood. Fasti, ed. Bliss (London. 1815), I, 428; Dodo, Church Hislory, ed. Tier.ney (Brussels, 1742), III, 87; Pitts, De Rebus A-nglicis. 815; Folet, Records (London, 1880). VI. 181; HiTRTER. Namenclalor (Innsbruck, 1871). I, 657: Gillow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Calh. (London, 1885), I, 318; Groves in Diet. Nal. Biog., VI, 462.
Patrick Ryan.
Brouwer (Browerus), Christoph, a historian, b. 12 March, 1559, at .\rnheim, Holland; d. in 1617, at Trier, Germany. In 15S0 he entered the Society of Je-sus, and after a thorough humanistic training, de- voted himself especially to the study of church his- tory. His attainments in other branches of learning are shomi by liis appointment as professor of philoso- phy at Trier; later he was appointed rector first at Fulda, and then at Trier. His cliief work is entitled: " Antiquitates et annales Tre\-irenses et episcoporum Tre\'irensis ecclesia? suffraganorum". The work ex- tends to the year 1600 and was prepareil at the re- quest of two arclibishops, Johann VH of Schonenberg and Lothar of Mettemich, with the intent to disprove • the partisan publication of Hermann (Kyriander), Syndic of Trier. Hermann's work was published in lo76 and was written to support the claims of the city against the rights of the archbishop. Brouwer de- voted the greater part of his life to the preparation of his book and, according to the testimony of the historian, Hontheim, he is deserving of imdj-ing honour for his contributions to the history of the Archbishopric of Trier. Unfortunately, he did not Uve to complete liis task. Brouwer's imfliucliing love of the truth and his true historical method were not agreeable to the councillors of the archbishop; so, although the publication of his work had been sanc- tioned by the authorities of his order, it could not be issued. It was not until 1626 that the work of print- ing his manuscript at Cologne could be undertaken, and then only after important alterations had been made in the text. New difficulties arose when the eighteenth book was in press. The completion of the printing was forbidden and all the sheets already struck off were suppressed as far as possible, so that only a few copies have come down to us.
Brouwer's labours were continued from 1600 to 1652 by Father Jacob Masenius, S.J., who issued the whole work in reWsed form in 1670 in two folio vol- umes at Lidge. Brouwer was imable to complete his other great work, which was entitled: "Metropo- hs Ecclesiie Trevcricie". It was intended to contain a description of all the cities, churches, and cloisters of the Archdiocese of Trier. This work did not ap- pear until 1855-56 when it was issued at Coblenz in two volumes by Christian \on Stramberg. The edition does not meet fully the demands of our time, nevertheless it contains much that is useful. Brou- wer's historj' of the Diocese of Fulda is also worthy ofprai.se. It is entitled: " Fuldensiuni antiquitatum libri 4" (Antwerp. 1612). Of less importance is the work i.s.sueil at Mainz in 1616, entitled: "Sidcra illustrium et sanctorum %-iroruni, qui Germaniam omarunt". Among the results of his humanistic studies is the edition of the works of Bishop Venan- tius Fortunatus, which was issued at Mainz in 1603, together with a life of St. Martin. A second edition
