MALDOWADO 567 MALDOWADO
hardly have sinded him out without reason. Christ ing discourse. Acquaviva, having been elected gen«
at once healed the wound and took occasion to teach eral, ordered him to remain at Rome, and Gr^orj
His followers a lesson of peace. Later in the evening XIII appointcjd him to the commission for revlsine
a servant, related to Maldius, wrung the second denial the text of the Septuagint, to the excellence of which
from St. Peter (Jolm, xviii, 26-7). Since St. John revision Maldonado largely contributed. In 1583,
alone gives the name of the servant, we may conclude fifteen davs before his death, when he had not yet
that he himself was the disciple known to the high completed his fiftieth year, he delivered to the general
priest (John, xviii, 15). The silence of the other his unfinished commentaries. He was a man of emi-
sacred writers with re^trd to Peter's identity may be nent virtue, of subtle intellect, excellent memory,
ascribed to a motive of prudence, for at the time they immense reading and erudition, and was consulted by
wrote the Jews might have punished the disciple, had the most illustrious personages of France, and sought
they known his name. after by the King of Poland for the good of his do-
JosBFH v. MoLLOT. mlmons. fie has been accused, but upon insufficient
grounds, of certain rash utterances and of inordinate Maldonado (Maldonatus), Juan, theologian and attachment to his own opinions, exesete; b. in 1533 at Casas deHeina, in the district His Teaching, — ^Theology in Paris had fallen into of Llerena, 66 leagues from Madrid; d. at Rome, 6 decay, through the prevalence of philosophical quib- Jan.. 1583. At the age of fourteen or fifteen he went bles and barbarous Latin; this Maldonado remedied, to the University of Salamanca, where he studied giving due precedence to Scripture, the Fathers, tra- Latin with two blind professors, who, however, were dition and the theologians, relegating the philosophers men of great erudition, Greek with Feman Nufiez to the lowest place, and keeping useless questions (el Pinciano), philosophy with Toledo (afterwards a within boimds; he spoke Latin elegantly, and drew cardinal), and theology with Padre Domingo Soto, up a scheme of theology more complete than that He declared, as late as the year 1574, that he had which had been in use, adapting it to the needs of the forgotten nothing he had learned in grammar and Church and of France. The lecture-room and, after it, philosophy. Having finished his course of three years the refectory were found to be too small; Maldonado m the latter of these two studies, Maldonado would therefore carried on his classes, when the weather have devoted himself to jiurisprudencc with a view to permitted, in the college courtyard. Nobles, magis- the exalted offices of the magistracy; but, persuaded trates, doctors of the Sorbonne, college professors, prcl- by one of his fellowHstudents, though to the disgust of ates, religious, and even Huguenot preachers went to those upon whom he was depenoent, he turned his hear hfm, engaging their places in advance, and some- attention to theology — a choice of which he never r»- times arriving three hours before the beginning of the pented. Having studied the sacred sciences for four lecture. Bishops and other great personages living years, and passed through the examination and exer- away from Paris employed copyists to transmit his cises of the doctorate, he taught philosophy, theology, lectures to them.
and Greek for some time in the University of Sala- In 1674 the imiversity accused him of impugning
manca. The register of the Salamanca College of the the Immaculate Conception of Mary. This was un-
society states that he was admitted there in 1558 and true; he only held that the doctrine was not as yet an
sent to Rome to be received. He took the Jesuit articleof faith, but that one might properly take a vow
habit in the Novitiate of San Andrea, 10 August, to defend it; Mgr Goudy, Bishop of Paris, decided in
1562, was ordained priest in the following year, and his favour (January, 1575). Again, he was accused of for some months heard cases of conscience in the teaching that the pains of purgatory last ten vears at Roman College. most. What he really taught was that the d.uration
The Collie de Clermont having been opened in of those pains is unknown and it would be rash to
Paris, Maldonado was sent thither in the autumn of attempt to determine it; however, he favoured the
1563. In February, 1564, he commenced lecturing on opinion of Soto, that in some cases purgatory did not Aristotle's " De Anima". From 1565 to 1569 he lee- last longer than ten years.
tured in theology. His health beginning to fail, a Being an exceUent theologian well grounded, at year of rest followed, during which (1570) he gave Salamanca, in Latin and Greek, having also learned missions in Poitou, where Calvinism was prevalent, Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldaic, and Arabic m Paris, and and he was so successful that the people of Poitiers knowing aU that was then known of ancient history, petitioned for a Jesuit College. From 1570 to 1576 he the Fathers, and the false interpretations of the here- again lectured in theology, also delivering conferences tics. Maldonado became, according to the opinion of to the court, by royal command, and effecting the con- Kunn, superior to most exegetes of his time, and in- version of various Protestant princes. At the in- ferior to none. In Comely's opinion, his " Commen- stance of the Due de Montpensier, he proceeded to taries on the Gospels" are the best ever published. Sedan, to convert the Duchess de Bouillon, the duke's He excelled, according to Simon, in explanation of the daughter, who had become a Calvinist. He held, in literal sense; according to Andres, in nis comprehen- her presence, some very notable disputations with sion of the text and in gathering the aptest ana truest Protestant preachers. During the absence of the sense, leaving no difficulty unexamined, provincial, he also acted for some months as vice- His Works. — "Commentarii in quatuor Evange- provincial, when his uprightness was vindicated in an listas", early editions: Pont-a-Mousson. 2 vols., folio action brought against him by the heirs of the Presi- 1596-97 (Lyons, 1598, 1607, 1615); (Mainz, 1602, dent de Montbrun de Saint- Andr6, and in the case of 1604); (Paris, 1617, 1621); (Brescia, 2 vols., 4°, the novice Jannel, who entered the Society in oppo- 1598); (Venice, 1606); modern editions: (Mainz, 5 sition to his parents* wishes. The Parliament pro- vols., 8<*, 1840; 2 vols., 1853-63; id., 1874); (Bar- claimed his innocence. celona, 10 vols.. 1881-82); "Commentary on St. In conseouence of rivahies on the part of the pro- Matthew" in Migne, "Curs. Script." Maldonado's fessors of the university, the pope assigned him to "Commentaries" have been translated by G. I. Davie teach theology at Toulouse, but this was prevented by (London, 1868). Five of the fathers at Pont-a-Mous- the Calvinists, who blocked the roads leading thither, son completed the "Commentaries", chief among and he withdrew to Bourges to write his "Commen- them being Dupuy and Fronton le Due who substi- tary on the Gospels". In 1678-79 he was visitor of tuted, except where the text would not have corre- the French Province of the Sodety, and then returned sponded with the exposition, the Clementine version to continue his labours at Bourges. The province forthat of Plantin, which Maldonado had used. Until chose him, in 1680, as elector at the fourth general 1607 the editions agree with the first (Prat), which, congregation, at Rome, where he delivered the open- according to Calmet, is rare, but is the best. TVa^
