Page:China's national defense in the new era.pdf/44

Platform	Year of Inception	Description
QCCM among the Military Forces of Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan	2016	The QCCM was built to provide coordination and mutual support in situation evaluation, evidence verification, intelligence sharing, capacity building, and training. China has always emphasized that the mechanism is not targeted against any other country or international organization and is ready to join all parties in expanding cooperation, increasing counter terrorism capacity, and safeguarding regional peace and stability. To date, two military leaders' meetings have been held.
Great Wall Counter-Terrorism International Forum	2016	The inaugural session of the forum was held in Beijing in Nov. 2016 with the theme of "counter-terrorism in urban areas". Representatives from 25 countries including Russia, France, Egypt and Brazil participated. The second forum was held in Beijing in May 2018 with the theme of "counter-terrorism in mountainous areas". Representatives from 27 countries including France, Nigeria, Chile and Pakistan participated.
China and Latin America High-Level Defense Forum	2012	The biennial forum is hosted by China's MND. With the theme of "enhancing mutual understanding and collaboration", the forum aims to promote Latin-American militaries' understanding of and trust in China and its military, and facilitate continued military exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese and Latin-American militaries. The forum is represented by defense and military leadership from major Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries.
ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus	2010	ADMM-Plus is the largest and highest-level dialogue and cooperation mechanism on defense and security in the Asia-Pacific region. Since 2016, under the mechanism, the PLA has participated in a joint exercise on peacekeeping and demining in India, and exercises on maritime security and counter-terrorism in both Brunei and Singapore. From 2017 to 2020, China and Thailand co-chair the counter-terrorism expert working group.
Beijing Xiangshan Forum	2006	This annual forum is co-hosted by the China Association for Military Science and the China Institute for International Strategic Studies. The Xiangshan Forum was upgraded to a track-1.5 platform of international security and defense dialogue in 2014. It was renamed the Beijing Xiangshan Forum in 2018. The forum advocates the principles of equality, openness, inclusiveness and mutual learning. In Oct. 2018, the 8th Beijing Xiangshan Forum was held with the participation of over 500 representatives from 67 countries and 7 international organizations. The forum injected strong positive energy into regional and international security cooperation.
Shangri-La Dialogue	2002	The dialogue is hosted by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a think tank based in London, and co-hosted by the Ministry of Defense of Singapore. It is held in early June every year in the Shangri-La Hotel in Singapore. At the 17th Shangri-La Dialogue in 2018, the Chinese delegation, on the topic of "Strategic Implications of Military Capability Development in the Asia-Pacific", explained the important proposals of President Xi Jinping on building a new model of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind, and actively promoted a joint effort with relevant countries to maintain regional security and stability.