but whose works were not specially associated with pharmacy. These three all lived at the time of the Revolution. Lavoisier was one of its most distinguished victims, Berthollet became the companion and adviser of Napoleon in Egypt, and Chaptal was the chemist commissioned by the Convention to provide gunpowder for its ragged troops. He became one of Napoleon's Ministers under the Consulate.
André Laugier (1770-1832), who comes next, was a relative and pupil of Fourcroy, and became an Army pharmacist, serving through Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign. His works were mostly on mineralogical subjects.
Georges Simon Serullas (1774-1832) was another military pharmacist who served in the Napoleonic wars. He was, later, chief pharmacist at the military hospital of Val de Grace, where he devoted much study to many medicinal chemicals, such as cyanic acid, iodides, bromides, and chlorides of cyanogen, hydrobromic ether, etc.
Thénard (1777-1857), the eminent chemist, follows. He was very poor when he asked Vauquelin to receive him as a pupil without pay. He only secured the benefit he asked for because the chemist's sister happened to want a boy at the time to help her in the kitchen. He became a peer of France in 1832. To him we owe peroxide of hydrogen.
Nicolas J. B. Guibourt (1790-1867), Professor of Materia Medica at the School of Pharmacy, was author of a well-known "History of Simple Drugs," and other works. He is often quoted in "Pharmacographia."
Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) was noted as a naturalist, and especially as a zoologist. He was
