In the "Comedy of Errors" (Act IV., Sc. 1) Dromio of Syracuse tells Antipholus of Ephesus that he has found a bark for him, put the freightage on board, and bought "the oil, the balsamum, and aqua-vitae." In Act. V., Sc. 1, the Abbess declares that Antipholus having taken sanctuary in the Priory she will not let him stir, "Till I have used the approved means I have, with wholesome syrups, drugs, and holy prayers, To make of him a formal man again."
In "Much Ado about Nothing" (Act. III., Sc. 4) Margaret recommends the love-sick Beatrice to "get you some of this distilled Carduus Benedictus, and lay it to your heart; it is the only thing for a qualm." This drug was in great repute in Shakespeare's time and was used for a multitude of complaints. Woodall says the distilled water of it "doth ease the pain of the head, conformeth the memory, cureth a quartane, provoketh sweat, and comforteth the vital spirits." The Physician in "King Lear" (Act IV., Sc. 4), tells Cordelia there are "many simples operative whose power will close the eye of anguish."
The story of "All's Well that Ends Well" is based on a secret remedy for fistula which Helena had acquired from her deceased father, and with which she heals the King. The Queen in "Cymbeline" is an amateur pharmacist. In Act I., Sc. 6, she tells the doctor that he has taught her how "to make perfumes, distil, preserve"; and in Act V., Sc. 5, the doctor tells the King that on her deathbed she confessed she had "a mortal mineral" which would "by inches waste you."
In the "Midsummer Night's Dream" (Act III., Sc. 1), a fairy named Cobweb gives Bottom the opportunity of alluding to the usefulness of cobwebs for cut fingers. "In Twelfth Night" Sir Toby Belch jocularly
