covers 15 pages of our statutes. It repealed the unit clause in the law of 1792, and in its place substituted a law in the following language:
"That the gold coins of the United States shall be a one-dollar piece which at the standard weight of twenty-five and eight-tenths grains shall be the unit of value.
"It then deprived silver of its right to unrestricted free coinage, and destroyed it as legal tender money in the payment of debts, except to the amount of five dollars.
"At that time we were all using paper money. No one was handling silver and gold coins. It was when specie payments were about to be resumed that the country appeared to realize what had been done. The newspapers on the morning of February 13, 1873, and at no time in the vicinity of that period, had any account of the change. General Grant, who was President of the United States at that time, said afterwards, that he had no idea of it, and would not have signed the bill if he had known that it demonetized silver.
"In the language of Senator Daniel of Virginia, it seems to have gone through Congress 'like the silent tread of a cat.'
"An army of a half million of men invading our shores, the warships of the world bombarding our coasts, could not have made us surrender the money of the people and substitute in its place the money of the rich. A few words embraced in fifteen pages of statutes put through Congress in the rush of bills did it. The pen was mightier than the sword.
"But we are not here to deal with sentiment. We are here to learn facts. Plain, blunt facts.
"The law of 1873 made gold the unit of values. And that is the law to-day. When silver was the unit
