BOKAX 115 BORDENTOWIT CO. 111., in 1865; received his education at the Southern Illinois Academy, En- field, 111., and at the Kansas State Uni- versity, Lavi^rence, Kan. He began the practice of law at Lyons, Kan., in 1890. He was elected to the United States Senate from Boise, Idaho, whither he had removed, and was re-elected in 1913 and 1919. He belonged to the Progres- sive wing of the Republican party and was a prominent and powerful figure in debate and legislation. He was a pro- nounced supporter of measures looking toward an effective prosecution of the World War. When the Versailles Treaty was up for ratification in the Senate he opposed it vigorously. BOBAX (sodium biborate), a rather brittle, sweetish, alkaline mineral, found native as a saline incrustation on the shores of certain lakes in California, Persia, Tibet, India, China, Ceylon, and in parts of South America. When col- lected on the banks of the lakes it is im- pure, and goes by the name of tincal. BORCHGREVINK, CARSTEN EGE- BERG, a Norwegian explorer and lec- turer, bom in Christiania, in 1864, his mother being English and his father a Scandinavian. He went to sea at an early age, but returned to go to college. In 1898 he went to Australia, joined the Survey Department, and scaled Mount Lindsay. In 1894-1895 he was in Ant- arctic waters, a region fully explored by him in 1897, when he attempted to reach the South Pole without success. In 1899 (Feb. 17) he had, however, reached Robertson Bay. Returning to London in 1900 he reported having reached lat. 78.- 50 S., long. 195.50 E., the farthest point S. ever reached by man. Consult his book, "First in the Antarctic Continent." BORDEAUX (bor-do'), a city and port of France, capital of the department of Gironde, on the Garonne river, about 70 miles from the sea. It is built in a crescent form round a bend of the river, which is here lined with fine quays and crossed by a magnificent stone bridge, and consists of an old and a new town. The former is mostly composed of ir- regular squares and narrow, crooked streets; while the latter is laid out with great regularity, and on a scale of mag- nificence hardly surpassed by any prov- incial town in Europe. In the old town are the Cathedral of St. Andre, St. Michael's Church, with its superb front of florid Gothic, the Hotel de Ville, and the Palais de Justice. There are ex- tensive and finely planted promenades. Its position gives it admirable facilities for trade, and enables it to rank next after Marseilles and Havre in respect of the tonnage employed. Large vessels sail up to the town. The chief exports are wine and brandy; sugar and other colonial produce and wood are the chief imports. Shipbuilding is the chief in- dustry, and there are sugar refineries, woolen and cotton mills, potteries, soap works, distilleries, etc. Bordeaux is the Burdigala of the Romans. By the mar- riage of Eleanor, daughter of the last Duke of Aquitaine to Henry II. of Eng- land, Bordeaux was transferred to the English crown. Under Charles VII., in 1451, it was restored again to France. / Montaigne and Montesquieu were born in the neighboi-hood ; the latter is buried in the Church of St. Bernard. In the World War (1914-1918) Bordeaux be- came a great military port for the Allies, where troops were concentrated and supplies for the armies were re- ceived. Pop. about 262,000. BORDEN, GAIL, an American in- ventor of food products, born in Norwich, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1801. After attaining prominence in public affairs in the South and West, he turned his attention to food products. Meat biscuit and pemmican were invented by him. Later he per- fected a system of condensing milk. He died in Borden, Tex., Jan. 11, 1874. BORDEN, SIR ROBERT LAIRD, Canadian Premier; born in Grand Pre, June 26, 1854. He was educated at Acacia Villa Academy, Horton, chose the law as a profession and was called to the bar in 1878, becoming Queen's Counsel- lor in 1891. His practice in the Supreme Court of Canada has been extensive and successful. He early entered politics, and as a member of the Canadian Parlia- ment took part in many debates between 1896 and 1900. Upon the resignation of Sir Charles Tupper in February, 1901, he was chosen leader of the Conservative party in the House of Commons. He was made Premier of Canada in 1911. Dur- ing the World War, he was active in the dispatch of troops and supplies abroad, and did much to promote the triumph of the Allied cause. He attended the meet- ing of the British Cabinet in 1915, being the first Dominion representative that ever received such a summons. He was the representative of his country at the Imperial War Conference in 1918 and a delegate to the Peace Conference. He is a forceful speaker and an able party head. He retired in 1920 and was suc- ceeded as Premier by W. Meighen, for- mer Secretary of Interior. BORDENTOWN, a city in Burlington CO., N. J., on the Delaware river, the
