BOZBAH 143 BBACHIOFODA SOZBAH, an ancient city of Pales- tine, E. of the Jordan, and about 80 miles S. of Damascus. It was the capital of Og, King of Bashan, and subsequently belonged to the tribe of Manasseh. Early in the Christian era it became a flourishing place, and was long a great emporium of trade. It is now a scene of ruins. BOZZARIS, MARCOS (bots-zar'es), a Greek patriot, born in 1789. He was a Suliote, and distinguished himself by his devotion to his country, in defending it against the Turks. He fell in a night attack upon a body of the Turco-Alban- ian army, who were advancing with the view of taking Missolonghi, which he had successfully defended for a consid- erable time, Aug. 20, 1823. BRABAN9ONNE (brab-an-s6n'), the national song of the Belgians, composed by the French M. Jenneval, and set to music by Campenhout. It was sung by the insurgents during the Revolution of September, 1830. Each verse of the Braban§onne ends with the refrain: "La mltrallle a brlse I'orange Sur I'arbre de la liberty." It was a favorite marching and fighting song with the Belgian troops in the World War (1914-1918). BRABANT, the central district of the lowlands of Holland and Belgium, ex- tending from the Waal to the sources of the Dyle, and from the Meuse and Limburg plains to the lower Scheldt. It is divided between the Kingdoms of Hol- land and Belgium. Total population Belgian Brabant about 1,523,000. The country is generally a plain, gently slop- ing to the N. W., and is mostly fertile and well cultivated, agriculture and the rearing of cattle being the principal em- ployment of the inhabitants. In the N. the inhabitants are Dutch; in the middle district, Flemings; in the S., Walloons. ^ Southward of Brussels the language is French; northward, Dutch and Flemish. In the 5th century Brabant came into possession of the Franks, and, after being al- ternately included in and separated from Lorraine it emerged at length in 1190 as a duchy under a Duke of Bra- bant. It eventually came by marriage into possession of the Dukes of Bur- gundy, and passed with the last repre- sentative of that line, Mary of Bur- gundy, to the House of Austria, and finally to Philip II. of Spain. In the famous revolt of the Netherlands, caused by the cruelties of King Philip and his agent, the Duke of Alva, North Brabant succeeded in asserting its in- dependence, and, in 1648, it was incor- porated with the United Provinces. South Brabant remained, however, in possession of the Spaniards, and at the Peace of Utrecht, in 1714, passed again, along with the other S. provinces of the Netherlands, to the imperial House of Austria. BRACE, CHARLES LORING, an American author and philanthropist, born in Litchfield, Conn., Jan. 19, 1826. He graduated at Yale in 1846, and stu- died theology, but held no pastorate. He devoted himself to philanthropy in New York, and lectured, wrote, and worked to enlist aid for the children of the poor. His books include "Hungary in 1851" (New York 1852) ; "Home Life in Ger- many" (1853); "The Norse Folk" (1857) ; "The Dangerous Classes of New York and Twenty Years' Work Among Them" (1872, 8d ed., 1880); "Gesta Christi" (1883) ; "To the Unknown God" (1889). He died in 1890. BRACELET, a kind of ornament usually worn on the wrist, the use of which extends from the most ancient times down to the present, and belongs to all countries, civilized as well as un- civilized. Bracelets were in use in Egypt and among the Medes and Persians at a very remote period, and in the Bible the bracelet is frequently mentioned as an ornament in use among the Jews, both men and women. Among the ancient Greeks bracelets seem to have been worn only by the women. Among the Romans it was a frequent practice for a general to bestow bracelets on soldiers who had distinguished themselves by their valor. Roman ladies of high rank frequently wore them both on the wrist and on the upper arm. Among the ancient heathen Germanic tribes they formed the chief and almost only ornament. BRACHIOPODA, animals with arm- like feet; one of the great classes into which the molluscous sub-kingdom of the animal kingdom is divided. The brachio- poda are bivalves, with one shell on the back of the animal, and the other in front; these are called dorsal and ventral valves. The two valves are never equal in size. They differ from the conchifera (called also lamelli branchiata) , or or- dinary bivalves, in uniformly having one side of the same valve symmetrical with the other. The organization of the brachiopoda is inferior to that of the true bivalves. They are attached to bodies by a pedicle which passes as the wick does in an antique lamp, whence the older naturalists called them lamp shells. The shell is lined by an expansion of the in- tegument or mantle. They are all marine,
