BBOCA 189 BROGLIE Two subway systems run underneath Broadway for a considerable portion of its length. BROCA, PAUL (bro-ka), a French anthropologist, born in Gironde, Jan. 28, 1824; studied medicine and became Pro- fessor of Pathology at Paris, and fa- mous as a surgeon; was founder of the Anthropological Society of Paris; founder of the Anthropological Institute or School, and founder and editor of the "Anthropological Review"; wrote sev- eral monographs on strangulation and hernia, aneurisms, ansesthesia, abscesses, hybrids, and various anthropological subjects; was leader of the Evolutionist School in France, and became a life Senator. He died in Paris, July 9, 1880. BROCADE, a kind of silken stuff^ variegated or embossed with gold or silver flowers or other ornaments. The manufacture of brocades was established at Lyons in 1757. BROCCOLI, a late variety of the cauliflower, hardier and with more color in the flower and leaves. The part used is the succulent flower stalks. BROCH (broch), a name for certain prehistoric structures in Scotland re- sembling low, circular, roofless towers, with walls of great thickness, built of unhewn stones and without lime or ce- ment, and entered by a narrow passage. There are small chambers in the thick- ness of the wall, accessible only from the interior. These structures were evi- dently built for defense. They are most numerous in Orkney, Shetland, and the northern counties. BROCHANTITE (from Brochant DE ViLLlERS, a French mineralogist), an orthorhombic transparent or translu- cent mineral, with its hardness, 3.5-4; its sp. gr., 3.78-3.90; its luster vitreous, pearly, on one cleavage face. Composi- tion: Sulphuric acid, 15.8-19.71; oxide of copper, 62.626-69.1; oxide of zinc, 0-8.181; oxide of lead, 1.03-1.05. It is found in all portions of the world. It can be produced artificially. Dana makes two varieties — (1) Ordinary brochantite. (2) Warrington ite, with which brongnartine may be classified. BROCK, SIR ISAAC, a British mili- tary commander, born in Guernsey, Oct. 6, 1769; suppressed a threatened mu- tiny in Canada in 1802; made Lieute- nant-Governor of upper Canada in 1810; took Detroit from the Americans under General Hull in 1812; and was killed at the battle of Queenstown, Oct. 13, 1812. A monument to his memory stands on the W. bank of the Niagara river. 13— Vol. BROCKEN, the culminating point of the Hartz Mountains, in Prussian Sax- ony, north Germany, cultivated nearly to its summit, which is 3,740 feet above the level of the sea. The phenomenon called the "Specter of the Brocken" is caused by the perpendicular rising of the mists from the valley opposite to the sun, at the same time leaving the top of the mountain clear. The effect pro- duced is a wonderful enlargement of every object refiected by this dense mass of vapor ascending from the valley. BROCKHAUS, FRIEDRICH AR- NOLD (brok'-hous), a German pub- lisher, born in Dortmund, May 4, 1772. In 1811 he settled at Altenberg, where the first edition of the "Conversations- Lexikon" was completed, 1810-1811. The business rapidly extended, and he re- moved to Leipsic in 1817. Thei'e are now chief branches in Berlin and Vi- enna. He died Aug. 20, 1823. BROCKTON, a city in Plymouth co., Mass.; on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 20 miles S. of Boston. It is one of the largest boot and shoe manufacturing places in the country, and beside these articles has extensive manufactories of rubber goods, shoe machinery and supplies, tools and bicycles. It contains the villages of Campello, Montello, Marshall's Corner, Brockton Heights, Clifton Heights, and Salisbury Square; was settled in 1700; was incorporated as a town in 1821, and chartered as a city in 1881. There are 2 National and 2 savings benks, a pub- lic library and excellent public schools. Pop. (1910) 56,878; (1920) 66,254. BROCKVILLE, town, port of entry, and county-seat of Leeds co., Ontario, Canada; on the St. Lawrence river, be- low the Thousand Islands, and the Grand Trunk, the Canadian Pacific, and the Brockville and Sault Ste. Marie rail- roads; 125 miles S. W. of Montreal. It is a port of call for the St. Lawrence steamers. There are manufactories of agricultural implements, gloves, cigars, leather, sulphuric acid, and foundry and machine shop products. It is named for Gen. Sir Isaac Brock (1769-1812), an English officer killed in the battle of Queenstown. Pop. about 10,000. BROGLIE (brol-ye' or bro-gle'), a prominent French family, of Piedmont- ese origin; its most important members have been the three dukes of the name: (1) Francois Marie, first Due de, Marshal or France, born in 1671, took part in every campaign from 1689, and died in 1745. (2) VICTOR Francois, his son, born in 1718, was the most' capable II— Cyc
