Works of Benjamin Franklin," "Retrospection of an Active Life" (1909). He died in 1911.
BIGELOW, JOHN, JR., an American military officer, born in New York, May 12, 1854; son of the preceding; was educated in Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Freiburg, and Providence, R. I.; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1877; and was assigned to the 10th United States Cavalry. In 1887-1889 was adjutant-general of the militia in the District of Columbia; and in 1894-1898, Professor of Military Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During the war with Spain he was wounded in the attack on San Juan, Cuba, July 1, 1898. He published "Principles of Strategy"; "Campaigns of Chancellorville" (1910). Retired from the service in 1904. Professor of French, Massachusetts School of Technology (1904-1910). On staff of Governor of Massachusetts (1906-1910). His later publications include "American Policy" (1914), and "World Peace" (1915).
BIGELOW, POULTNEY, an American author, born in New York, Sept. 10, 1855; son of John Bigelow; graduated iat Yale University and at the Columbia Law School in 1882, and was admitted to the bar. In 1875-1876 he took a journey around the world in a sailing ship, which was wrecked on the coast of Japan. He traveled in China, Africa, the West Indies, and Demerara. He has made canoe voyages on the principal waters of Europe, and was the first person to take a canoe through the Iron Gates of the Danube. Emperor William II. was his personal friend since they were students together in Germany. In the World War Mr. Bigelow denounced hi print the Emperor's part in bringing on the conflict. He wrote "The German Emperor and His Eastern Neighbors," "Paddles and Politics Down the Danube," "History of the German Struggle for Liberty," "White Man's Africa." Completed his fourth journey round the world in 1906. In 1915 he published "Prussian Memories."
BIG HORN, the haplocerus montanus or wild sheep of the Rocky Mountains, named from the size of its horns, which are 3½ feet long, the animal itself being of the same height at the shoulder. The big horns are gregarious, going in herds of 20 or 30, frequenting the craggiest and most inaccessible rocks, and are wild and untamable. It is called also Rocky Mountain sheep.
BIG HORN MOUNTAINS, a range of mountains beginning near the center of Wyoming and running N. into Mon- tana, contaming heights of from 8,000 to 12,000 feet, and covering 7,500 square miles.
BIG HORN RIVER, a river of Montana and Wyoming; rises in the Rocky Mountains near Fremont's Peak, and flows N. E. into the Yellowstone. Along its course is some of the grandest mountain scenery in the world. It is navigable in its lower course, and has a total length of 400 miles.
BIGNONIA, a genus of plants (that of the trumpet flowers), constituting the typical one of the order bignoniaceæ or bignoniads. It has four perfect stamina, two long and two short. The species, which are numerous, are nearly all of an ornamental character, owing to their fine, large, trumpet-like, monopetalous corollas, colored red, blue, yellow, or white. They are trees or snrubs, in the latter case often climbing; found in, or sometimes even beyond, the tropics of both hemispheres, and constituting a feature in the flora of the regions which
they inhabit. Many are from the warmer parts of this country. India also has various species.
BIGNONIACEÆ, an order of plants, ranked by Dr. Lindley as the type of his bignonial alliance. The bignoniads are trees or shrubs, as a rule climbing.
