CHELSEA 445 CHEMISTRY goston, it has extensive manufactories "Journal of Industrial and Engineering of rubber goods, foundry and machine Chemistry." shop products, leather, cordage, brass ^„„„^„„„^ • x,. ^ , , j. . goods, pottery, iron and steel, etc. It CHEMISTRY is that branch of science has numerous churches, high and graded ^hich deals with the composition of mat- piAlic schools, weekly newspapers, and ^t^ ^"^ the changes which it undergoes two National Banks. Chelsea was set- through the action of various agencies, tied as Winnisimmet in 1630; was a part f" considering this definition however, of Boston until it was organized as a ^^. ^^. necessary to distinguish between physical changes and chemical changes. Thus, when water is frozen, it becomes a solid, and the change from the liquid state is a physical one. No alteration has been brought about in the essential nature of the water, as can be shown by melting the ice, when it again be- town in 1738, and was incorporated as a city in 1857. The city suffered severe property losses from a destructive fire in 1908, but recovered quickly. Pop. (1910) 32,452; (1920) 43,184. CHELSEA, formerly a suburb of London, England, now a parliamentary comes water. When, however, a piece and metropolitan borough of Greater of paper is burned, it is changed into London, on the Thames, opposite Batter- ash and a gaseous mixture, and the sea, and chiefly distinguished for con- change which it undergoes is perma- tainmg a royal military hospital, orig- nent, its essential nature being altered, inally commenced by James I. as a the- In this case, the change is a chemical ©logical college, but converted by Charles one, although, like all chemical changes, 11. for the reception of sick, maimed, and superannuated soldiers. The build- ing was finished in 1692 by Sir Chris- topher Wren. Connected with the hos- pital is a royal military asylum, founded in 1801, for the education and mainte- nance of soldiers' children. Chelsea has long been and still is the chief residen- tial section in London of writers and artists. In the last century George Eliot, Whistler, Rossetti and Carlyle lived there, and the latter's former home in Chejrne Row is now a public memorial to him. The Chelsea embankment, be- tween Victoria and Battersea bridges, is a famous London riverside promenade, it is accompanied by physical changes. It is not always easy to distinguish be- tween physics and chemistry, as the two sciences come very near to one another, but it can be said that chemistry is con- cerned with those phenomena which in- volve a change in the molecular struc- ture of a substance. The science is divided into two great branches — Inor- ganic and Organic. The former includes the study of all substances of a mixed character. The latter formerly con- cerned itself with substances of animal or vegetable origin, but this classifica- tion is no longer recognized, and it may now be said to cover the chemistry of Chelsea porcelain (1745-1784), enjoys a the compounds of carbons, excluding such high reputation. Pop. (1918) 63,130. CHELTENHAM, a borough of Penn- sylvania, in Montgomery co. It is on the Philadelphia, Newtown and New York railroad. It is a suburb of Philadelphia and is almost entirely a residential city. Pop. (1910) 8,434; (1920) 11,015. CHELTENHAM, a borough and water- ing place in Gloucestershire, England. It lies in a valley, on the Chelt river. The town is well laid out and has many pub- lic promenades, gardens, and squares. It contains the parish church of St. Mary^^ dating from the 14th century, an art school, and several colleges and private schools. Its popularity is due chiefly to its mineral waters which are of great medical value. Pop. about 60,000. obviously inorganic substances as mineral carbonates and some similar compounds. Particular departments of Chemistry^ where the science is confined to the exam- ination of special objects, receive dis- tinctive names, as Physical Chemistry, or Chemical Physics, which considers phe-« nomena bordering on Physics and Chem- istry; Mineralogical Chemistry, which takes cognizance of the composition of minerals; Physiological Chemistry, which includes the changes which food under- goes in its transit through the animal economy, and the transformations that take place in substances of organized be- ings generally; Agricultural Chemistry, which relates to the composition of soils and manures, the ingredients in plants, and the best modes of supplying the food Two classes of that they require, etc. _ CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMERICAN, c*hemical work may be accepted as typical a^ society founded in 1876 for the discus- of the science. One is analysis, signify* sion and consideration of subjects relat- ing unbinding; and the other is synthesis ^ ing to chemistry. It holds annual meet- or putting together. By the first process ings. It has a membership of about the chemist ascertains the composition of 7,000. It publishes the "Journal of the a substance; by the second process he American Chemical Society," and the forms a substance by bringing together: 29— Vol. II — Cyc
