CHINA SEA 477 CHIOGGIA gradually extend her control to southern China, and then, when she felt strong enough, proclaim a Monroe Doctrine of the Orient. Protests were unavailing, however, and the decision stood. China refused to sign the treaty. CHINA SEA, that part of the North Pacific Ocean bounded N. by Formosa, N. W. by China, W. by Anam and the Malay peninsula, S. E. by Borneo, and E. by the Philippines. It contains numer- ous islands, receives several considerable rivers, and forms the important gulfs of Siam and Tonquin. CHINCHILLA, a genus of Sqjith American herbivorous rodents very close- ly allied to the rabbit, which they resem- ble in the general shape of the body, in the limbs being longer behind than be- fore, in the conformation of the rootless molars, and by the nature of the fur, CHINCHILLA which is more woolly than silky; but dif- fering from the rabbit in the number of their incisors and molars, in a greater length of tail, and also in having broader and more rounded ears. C. lanigera, a species about 15 inches long, is covered with a beautiful pearly-gray fur, which is highly esteemed as stuff for muffs, pelisses, linings, etc. The chinchilla lives gregariously in the mountains of most parts of South America, and makes nu- merous and very deep burrows. It is of a gentle nature, very sportive, losing none of its gaiety in captivity, and very cleanly. CHINDA, VISCOUNT SUTEMI, a Japanese diplomat; born at Hirosaki in 1856. He received his education at De- pauw University, Indiana. He began his diplomatic career in the Japanese for- eign office in 1886; was consul at San Francisco in 1890 and consul-general at Shanghai in 1895. His long diplomatic career has included ministries to Brazil, the Netherlands, and Russia. From 1908 to 1911 he was ambassador to Germany, from which post he was transferred to 31— Vol. Washington, where he served until 1916. In the latter year he was made ambassa- dor to Great Britain. He showed marked ability in the many positions he has held, and ranks high among diplomats. He was one of the representatives of Japan at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919. CHINESE WALL. See China. CHINESE WHITE, the white oxide of zinc, a valuable pigment introduced into the arts as a substitute for the prepara- tions of white-lead. CHING-HAI, or CHIN-HAI, a seaport of China, in the province of Cheh- Chiang (Cheh-Kiang), about 15 miles from Ning-Po. Pop. about 150,000. CHIN-KIANG, or CHIN-CHIANG, a city of China in the province of Kiang- Su (or Chiang-Su) about 490 miles S. of Tien-Tsin. Chin-Kiang was declared a treaty port in 1861. The main port fronts on the Yang-Tse-Kiang. about 150 miles from its mouth, being accessible to large ships. Pop. about 150,000. CHINON (she-non'), an antique town in the French department of Indre-et- Loire, beautifully situated on the Vienne, 31 miles S. W. of Tours. Crowning a lofty rock are the ruins of its vast old castle, the "French Windsor" of the Plantagenets, the deathplace of Henry II.; and later the residence of several French sovereigns, where, in 1429, Joan of Arc revealed her mission to the Dauphin. A farmhouse across the Vienne is pointed out as Rabelais' birth- place. CHINOOK, a term applied to a strong, warm, and dry south or west wind, which descends into the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, into Montana and Wyoming, where it evaporates or melts the snow and brings relief in cold weather. The name was probably given to it because the wind occurred in the territory occupied by the Chinook Indians. CHINOOKS. a tribe of Indians, now nearly extinct, on the Columbia river, or in Oregon. CHINS, a savage tribe living in the mountainous region between lower Ben- gal and upper Burmah, of very primi- tive habits. CHINTZ, a highly calendered cotton gaily printed with designs of flowers, etc., in five or six different colors. CHIOGGIA (ke-6j'ya), or CHIOZZA. an important seaport town of northern Italy, 15 miles S. S. W. of Venice, on an II— Cyc
