BIZET 48 BLACK BIZET ( be-za' ) , ALEXANDRE CESAR LEOPOLD (better known as Georges Bizet), a French composer, born in Paris, Oct. 25, 1838; studied with Halevy and at the Paris Conserv- atory. His operas include "Vasco de Gama" (1863); "The Pearl Fishers" (1863); "The Fair Maid of Perth" (1867); "Djamileh" (1872), and "Car- men" (1875), his most famous composi- tion. He also completed Halevy's opera "Noe." He died near Paris, June 3, 1875. BJELBOG (byel'bog'), in Slavonic mythology the pale or white god, as op- posed to Tchernibog, the black god, or god of darkness. BJERREGAARD, HENRIK ANKER (byer'e-gar), a Norwegian dramatic poet, born at Ringsaker, in 1792. His position in his country's literature is very influential, the plays, "Magnus Barefoot's Sons" and "A Mountain Ad- venture," being national models. A vol- ume of "Poems" (1829) also displays genius. He died in 1842. BJORNSON, B JORNSTJERNE (byern'son), a Norwegian novelist, poet and dramatist, born at Kvikne, Norway, Dec. 8, 1832. He published his first story, "Synnove Solbakken," in 1857, and that, with "Arne" (1858) and "A Lively Fellow" (1860), established his reputa- tion as a novelist. "Halte Hulda," "Be- tween Battles" (1858) ; and "Sigurd Slembe" (1862), are among his plays. Of his novels and romances since 1866 the most notable are "The Bridal March," "The Fisher Maiden," and "Captain Mansana." His principal dra- matic works are "Mary Stuart" (1864) ; "Leonarda" (1879); "A Glove" (1889); "Poems and Songs" in 1870. He died April 26, 1910. BJORNSTJERNA, MAGNUS' FRED- DERICK FERDINAND (byern'-stern- a), COUNT, a Swedish statesman, born in 1779. Having entered the Swedish army and risen to be Colonel, he went with the Swedish troops to Germany in 1813 and took part in the battles of Grossbeeren, Dennewitz, the passage of the Elbe, the storming of Dessau, and the battle of Leipsic. He also received the surrender of Liibeck and of Maest- iricht. After the capitulation of Paris he fought in Holstein and in Norway, at length concluding with Prince Christian Frederick at Moss the convention unit- ing Norway and Sweden. In 1826 he was made a Count, and in 1828 Pleni- potentiary to Great Britain, where he remained till 1846. He published works on "British Rule in the East Indies," on the "Theogony, Philosophy, and Cos- mogony of the Hindus," etc. He died in 1847. BLACK, the negation of all color, the opposite of white. Thei'e are several black pigments, such as ivory black, made from burned ivory or bones; lamp black, from the smoke of resinous sub- stance; Spanish black, or cork black, from burned cork, etc. BLACK, ADAM, a Scotch publisher, born in Edinburgh, Feb. 20, 1784. In 1808 he began business as a bookseller, f y ' _ BJORNSTJERNE BJORNSON and later with his nephew, Charles B. Black, established a publishing house in Edinburgh. Their most famous publica- tions were "Encyclopaedia Britannica," and the "Waverly Novels." Adam Black was twice Lord Provost of Edinburgh and in 1856-1865 represented that city in Parliament. He declined the honor of knighthood, and a statue was erected in Edinburgh in recognition of his public services, in 1877. He died Jan. 24, 1874. BLACK, FRANK SWETT, an Ameri- can lawyer, born in Limington, Me., March 8, 1853: graduated at Dartmouth College in 1875 ; was editor of the "Jour- nal" in Johnstown, N. Y. He studied law at Troy in the office of Robertson & Foster, and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He won much popularity by his activity in prosecuting the men who
