HUESCA 76 HUGHENDEN President Diaz from the capital to Vera Cruz in 1911, and then served under Madero against Orozco and Diaz. In 1913 he deserted the cause of Madero and had himself made Provisional-Presi- dent. The United States refused to recognize his government or dictatorship and the bad feeling between the two governments led to the occupation of Vera Cruz by the United States ma- rines. Huerta was finally forced out by GEN. VICTORIANO HUERTA the successes of the Carranza-Villa troops and left Mexico for Spain in Au- gust, 1914. About a year later he en- tered the United States and purchased a home on Long Island, but later was arrested on the Mexican border and charged with plotting an invasion of Mexico. He died in prison, awaiting trial. HUESCA (wes'ka'), capital of prov- ince of Huesca, Spain; on the Isuela, 55 miles N. E. of Saragossa. Its chief buildings are the cathedral (1400-1515), a beautiful Gothic edifice; the Roman- esque church of San Pedro (1150-1241) ; the university founded in 1354 by Pedro IV. ; and a former palace of the kings of Aragon. The Osca of the Romans, where Sertorius was murdered in 72 B. c, Huesca afterward became famous as a seat of learning. Tanning and aiAnufactures of linens are carried on to some extent. Pop. about 12,000. The province tf Huesca has an area of 5,848 square miles; pop. (1917) 249,047, HUET, IIERRE DANIEL (ii-a'), a French critic and classical scholar; born in Caen, Normandy, in 1(530. He was educated at the Jesuits' college at Caen; was appointed in 1670 sub-preceptor un- der Bossuet to the dauphin, and super- intended the celebrated Delphin series (ad usum Delphini) of the Latin classics. Having taken holy orders, he was made Abbot of Aulnai, and subsequently nomi- nated Bishop of Soissons, later exchanged for that of Avranches. He wrote : "Latin and Greek Songs"; "Origin of the Romans"; "Strictures of the Cartesian Philosophy"; "History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients," a book still of great value. He died in Paris, France, in 1721. HUGGINS, SIR WILLIAM, an Eng- lish spectroscopist; born in London, Eng- land, Feb. 7, 1824. In 1852 he was elected a member of the Microscopical Society, and for some years labored at the study of physiology, animal and vegetable, with the microscope. In 1855 at his private observatory he began the study of the physical constitution of stars, planets, comets, and nebulae. By researches on the sun's spectra and the spectra of certain comets, he ascertained that the luminous properties of the for- mer are not the same as the luminous properties of the latter. After 1875 he was engaged in photographing the ultra- violet parts of the spectra of the stars. He also determined the amount of heat that reaches the earth from some of the fixed stars. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society 1876-1878; president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1891. In 1874 he became corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, and three years later corresponding member of the Royal Society of Gottingcn. He died May 12, 1910. HUGH, ST., of Avalon, Bishop of Lin- coln; born of noble family in Avalon, Burgundy, about 1135. On his mother's death his father entered a priory at Vil- larbenoit, carrying with him the boy, then but eight years old. At 19 he was ordained deacon. Ere long he was at- tracted by the severer discipline of the Grande Chartreuse. Here he remained 10 years, received his priest's orders, and was appointed bursar to the monas- tery. His fame came to the ears of Henry II., who prevailed on him to ac- cept the government of the struggling Carthusian monastery at Witham in Somersetshire, and summoned him thence in May, 1186, to fill the bishopric of Lincoln. He died in London, Nov. 16, 1200, and was canonized in 1220. HUGHENDEN, a parish of Buckhig- hamshire, England, among the Chiltern
