HUNDRED DAYS 83 HUNT HUNDRED DAYS, the period be- tween March 20, 1815, the day on which Napoleon I. entered Paris after his es- cape from Elba, and June 29 of the same year, when he left it finally. HUNDRED-WEIGHT, in avoirdupois weights, a weight containing by the legal standard in England 112 pounds. In the United States it is 100 pound avoirdu- pois. It is subdivided into four quarters. It is usually written cwt. Twenty hun- dred weights make one ton. An English long hundred-weight is 180 pounds. HUNDSRUCK, an extensive and mountainous district of Rhenish Prussia, thickly wooded, and rising, at intervals, to a height of 3,000 feet. It lies between the Moselle and the Nahe, and joins the mountain chain of the Vosges. HUNEKER, JAMES GIBBONS, an American critic and writer; born in Philadelphia in 1860. He was educated in the public schools and studied law in Philadelphia. He afterward studied music in Paris and for ten years was a teacher of piano at the National Con- servatory of New York. He served as dramatic critic for several New York papers, including the "Sun" and the "Times." He wrote "The Man and His Music" (1900); "Egoists— A Book of Supermen" (1909) ; "The Pathos of Dis- tance" (1913); "Unicorns" (1917). He died Feb. 9, 1921. HUNGARY. See Austria-Hungary. HUNGARY BALSAM, a kind of tur- pentine procured from Pimis Pumilio, the mountain pine of Hungary. HUNGARY WATER, a distilled water consisting of dilute alcohol aroma- tized with the tops of flowers of rose- mary or other aromatic substances, used as a perfume; so called because first made for the use of a queen of Hungary. HUNGER. See Fasting. HUNGERFORD, a town of Berkshire, England; partly also in Wiltshire; on the Kennet river, 26 miles W. S. W, of Reading. It is a hunting center, and a favorite resort of anglers. In the town hall (1870) is preserved a horn given to the town by John of Gaunt in 1362. HUNGERFORD, MRS. MARGARET (HAMILTON ARGLES) ("The Duch- ess"), an Irish novelist; born about 1855. The daughter of an Anglican clergyman, she was left a widow with a young family to support, whereupon she took to literature. She wrote; "PhvUis" (1877); "Molly Bawn" (1878); "Airy Fairy Lillian" (1879) ; "Beauty's Daugh- ters" (1880); "Mrs. Geoffrey" (1881); "Faith and Unfaith" (1881); "Portia" (1882); "Rosmoyne" (1883); "0 Tender Dolores" (1885); "In Durance Vile" (1885); "Lady Branksmere" (1886); "Lady Valworth's Diamonds" (1886); "A Modern Circe" (1887); "The Duch- ess" (1887); "Undercurrents" (1888); "Hon. Mrs. Vereker" (1888). She died in Bandon, Coi-k co., Jan. 24, 1897. HUNGRY HILL, a mountain of Ire- land, in Cork, 16 miles W. N. W, of Bantry. On the top of the mountain is a lake, whence the waters descend in a series of cascades, one falling nearly 700 feet. HUNS, the name given to several nomadic Scythian tribes which devas- tated the Roman Empire in the 5th century. They inhabited the plains of Tartary, near the boundaries of China, many centuries before the Christian era. It was in order to put a stop to the continual aggressions of the Huns that the great wall of China was built; and after this the Huns split up into two separate nations, named respectively the Northern and the Southern Huns. The first-mentioned went W. to the Volga, where they encountered the Alanni, ^ whom they defeated. Here the Huns remained for about two centuries; but, under the Emperor Valens, they crossed the Bosphorus; afterward invading Rome, under their leader Attila. After the death of Attila the Huns broke up into separate tribes, and were driven back by the Goths beyond the Tanais. The Hungarians of the present day are the descendants of Huns, who once more immigrated into Europe. The name was applied to the Germans by their oppo- nents in the European War (1914-18). HUNSTANTON, a watering-place of Norfolk, England, on the Wash, 18 miles N. E. of King's Lynn. It has a broad beach of firm sand, and a splendidly dec- orated church (1330). Hunstanton Hall, dating from the Tudor period, but greatly injured by fire in 1583, was the seat of Sir Roger L'E strange. HUNT, GAILLARD, an American writer and historian; born in New Or- leans, La., in 1862. He was educated at the Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven and the Emerson Institute in Washington. From 1900 to 1909 he served as chief of the Bureau of Citizen- ship at the Department of State, and from 1909 was chief of the Division of Manuscripts, Library of Congress. He was a member of many committees ap- pointed to investigate matters of citizen- ship. He was a lecturer on nationality
