INDIAN CAUCASUS 142 INDIAN OCEAN ufacture of milling machinery, engines, drugs, automobiles, furniture, and The city had in 1920, 372 miles of per- manently improved streets. There were 161 miles of city electric car lines, op- erating over double track, with 5^ fare and universal transfers. There were 429 miles of sewers and 434 miles of water main. It has one of the greatest motor speedways in the United States. Indianapolis is the seat of the following State institutions*: the Indiana State Fair, Indiana Institute for the Blind, In- diana School for the Deaf, School of Medicine of Indiana University, Indiana University Extension Center, Indiana Girls' School, Indiana Women's Prison, and the Central Hospital for the Insane. The Central Library building, erected at a cost of from $5,000,000 to $10,000,000, contains nearly 225,000 volumes. There is also an excellent State Library in the State House. There are 73 public school buildings and 3 public high school build- ings. 33 of the public schools are equipped with manual training and do- mestic science. In addition to this there are 17 Catholic parochial grade schools, two academies for young women, and three Catholic high schools for boys. In addition to the State and city schools, there are Butler College, Indiana Cen- tral University, College of Music and Fine Arts, and many private schools for boys and girls. The city is well equipped with hospitals, including a City Hospital, Joseph Eastman Hospital, Rob- ert W. Long Hospital, Methodist Episco- pal Hospital, St. Francis Hospital, and St. Vincent Hospital. There are many handsome modern office buildings, and many theaters, and apartment houses. The total assessed value of the city in 1919 was $276,529,380. The tax rate was $2.58 per hundred. The municipal bond of indebtedness was $4,871,960. The value of the city property in 1919 was over $9,000,000. Indianapolis was settled in 1819 and received its name in 1821. In 1825 it became the capital of the State. Since 1889, when the introduction of natural gas revolutionized manufacturing in In- dianapolis, its growth has been remark- ably rapid. INDIAN CAUCASUS. See Hindu KUSH. INDIAN CORN. See AGRICULTURE; Corn. INDIAN FIGK, a name given to the Opuntia Tuna and O. ficus-iyidica, and other species of the cactus family com- mon in the tropical and sub-tropical countries of America, and now natural- ized in Africa, Asia, and southern Eu- rope. Their fruit, which is egg-shaped and from 2 to 3 inches long, is cooling and wholesome, and yields a juice used for coloring confectionery. INDIAN MUTINY, a revolt by the Sepoy soldiers against the British Gov- ernment in India, begun in 1857. The immediate cause was the arming of the Sepoys with a new rifle whose use com- pelled them to touch the grease on the cartridge. This being forbidden by their religion, a mutiny began at Meerut, on May 10, and spread to Delhi, Cawnpur, and Lucknow. The garrison at the lat- ter place was relieved by Havelock in September and again by Campbell in November. Delhi was besieged and taken in 1857; Lucknow was finally cap- tured in 1858; and the last resistance was suppressed in the same year. The fearful massacre at Cawnpur, ordered by Nana Sahib, in which many Europeans, including women and children, were killed, took place in July, 1857. INDIAN OAK, a popular name for the teak tree. INDIAN OCEAN, a body of water bounded on the W. by Africa, on the N. by Asia, on the E. by Australia and the Australasian Islands. According to modern geographers it is limited to the S. by the 40th parallel of S. latitude, in which region it opens widely into the Southern and Antarctic oceans. It grad- ually narrows towards the N., and is di- vided by the Indian peninsula into the Bay of Bengal on the E. and the Arabian Sea on the W., the latter sending N. two arms, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Within these limits the Indian Ocean is estimated to have an area of 17,320,500 square miles. At the dawn of history the Indian Ocean was known as the Erythraean Sea. Necho, an Egyptian monarch who flour- ished about 610 B. c, is reported by He- rodotus to have sent some of his vessels, manned by Phoenicians, into the Ery- thraean Sea with orders to return by the S. of Africa and the Pillars of Hercules. From a very early date there Vv-as a coasting trade between India and the Persian Gulf, but the voyage of Near- chus, one of Alexander's generals, from the Indus to the Persian Gulf, is the earliest reliable record of these coasts. In 1486 the Portuguese rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the coasts of India by the same route. In 1521 the one i-emaining- ship of Magellan's squadron crossed the
