Notre Dame, at Notre Dame; and Franklin College, at Franklin.
Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State of Indiana are the Methodist Episcopal, Roman Catholic, Disciples of Christ, Regular Baptist, United Brethren, Presbyterian, Friends, and Lutheran.
Railroads.—The total railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 7,808. There has been practically no new construction in recent years.
Charities and Corrections.—The principal charitable and correctional institutions are Central Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis; School for the Blind, Indianapolis; Boys' School, Plainfield; Northern Hospital for the Insane, Logansport; Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Richmond; Southern Hospital for the Insane, Evansville; Southeastern Hospital for the Insane, North Madison; Hospital for Treatment of Tuberculosis, Rockville; State Farm, Putnamville. There was paid for the support of the State institutions in 1918, about $3,600,000.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of four years, and receives a salary of $8,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially, and are limited to 60 days each. The legislature has 50 members in the Senate, and 100 in the House. There are 13 representatives in Congress. In 1920 the government was Republican.
History.—Indiana was part of the territory ceded to Great Britain, in 1763, by France. Early settlements had been made by the French at Corydon and Vincennes in 1702. After the American Revolution the Indians gave considerable trouble to the settlers, but after several years were conquered and brought to peaceful terms by Anthony Wayne. They became troublesome again in 1810, and in 1811 Gov. William Henry Harrison was appointed commander of a force of regulars and militia for the purpose of subduing them. On Nov. 7, 1811, he met and defeated the Indians under Tecumseh, at Tippecanoe, on the Wabash. During the War of 1812, the Indians under British command were again troublesome, but were soon subdued. In 1813 Corydon was made the capital, in 1816 Indiana was admitted to the Union, and in 1825 the capital was removed to Indianapolis. The present constitution was adopted in 1851, and in 1853 a free banking law was passed.
INDIANA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational State institution in Bloomington, Ind.; founded in 1820; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 150; students, 3,700; volumes in the library, 100,000; president, William L. Bryan, LL.D.
INDIVIDUALISM, the system of thought which treats the well-being of the individual as the true aim of the state, and his development as the goal of ethics and religion. In political thought a person may be an anarchist, a believer in unrestricted individual action, or like Hobbes hold that an individual's interest is best served by a despotic state. Usually an individualist holds to the belief of Locke and Jefferson that only those restrictions on the individual's behavior are justified which are essential to protect the welfare of other citizens of the state. This line, however, can be, and in the history of political science has been, drawn so as to place very serious restrictions on individual action. In economics individualism means what is generally termed the laissez faire policy, viz. the State to keep hands off the economic machinery. Free and unrestricted competition is to prevail, no minimum wage laws, no restrictions on the hours of labor or conditions of labor, no price fixing by the state, compensation being solely a matter between the parties involved. This system was largely held to in England and the United States during the early portion of the nineteenth century, but it resulted in frightful loss of life among mine workers and factory operatives, and now few individuals are extreme enough to demand its application.
Individualism in ethics and religion would make a man's conscience the sole arbiter of his actions. Protestant theory started out on this basis, taking its cue from Luther's famous phrase, but soon discovered its impracticability in the excesses which it brought forth. Now every form of religious denomination, except perhaps the Society of Friends, demands the adherence of the individuals to some fixed standard of belief and conduct.
INDICAN, in chemistry, C26H31NO37, a clear brown syrup of bitter and repulsive taste, existing in many species of plants, but especially in Dyer's wood (Isatis tinctoria). Indican is sometimes found in the urine of man, both in health and disease. It has also been found in the blood of man and in the blood and urine of the ox.
INDICATOR, in chemistry, a reagent used in volumetric analysis to indicate, by change of color, the exact point at which the precipitation of any chemical body from a solution is completed. Indi-
