INFUSIONISM 154 INGERSOLL turnal exacerbations, lasting from four to eight days, sometimes complicated with bronchitis or even pneumonia. A form known as Spanish Influenza was epidemic in the United States and in many other countries in 1918 and 1919, and caused thousands of deaths. INFTJSIONISM, the doctrine that the human soul is an emanation from, or an influx of, the Divine Substance. It is akin to the teaching of Pythagoras and of the Stoics. Its defenders in Christian times have relied on Gen. ii: 7. Infu- sionism is opposed to Traducianism, and to Creationism, the doctrine accepted by the Eastern and Western Churches. INFUSORIA, the name first given by Otto Frederick Miiller to the mostly mi- croscopic animalculae developed in or- ganic infusions. A drop of water from a weedy or other pool or ditch, viewed by the microscope, contains them in count- less numbers. Pritchard divided them into Bacillaria, which were clearly vege- table, Phytozoa on the borderland be- tween animals and plants, and Protozoa, Rotatoria, or Rotifera, and Tardigrada, clearly animal. Professor Huxley ele- vated them into one of the eight primary groups into which he divided the animal kingdom. They have neither vessels nor nerves, but possess internal spherical cavities. They move by means of cilia or variable processes formed of the sub- stance of the body, true feet being ab- sent. They occur everywhere, in salt as v/ell as in fresh water. One, Noctiluca, is believed to take a great share in pro- ducing the phosphorescence of the ocean. INFUSORIAL EARTH, a siliceous deposit formed chiefly of the frustates of Diatoms. It is used as Tripoli pow- der for polishing purposes, and as an ab- sorbent of nitro-glycerine in making dy- namite. INGALLS, JOHN JAMES, an Ameri- can lawyer; born in Middleton, Mass., Dec. 29, 1833; was graduated at Wil- liams College in 1855 and admitted to the bar in 1857; settled in Atchison, Kan., in 1858; became secretary of the Kansas Senate in 1861; was elected a member of that body in 1862 ; and was United States Senator in 1873-1891, during which time he attained wide reputation as a public speaker. He was also president pro tem. of the Senate during the last three years of his service. He died in Las Vegas, New Mexico, Aug. 16, 1900. INGE, WILLIAM RALPH, an Eng- lish clergyman. He was born at Clayke, Yorkshire, in 1860, and was educated at Eton and Cambridge, being chosen as se- lect preacher at Oxford in 1893, He was Bampton Lecturer in 1899, was made Hon, D.D. Aberdeen in 1905, and in 1906 was Paddock Lecturer at New York. In 1905-7 he was vicar of All Saints, Ennis- more Gardens, London, In 1907-11 he was Lady Margaret professor of divinity at Cambridge, and since 1911 has been dean of St. Paul's. His works include: "Society in Rome under the Caesars"; "Studies of English Mystics"; "Specu- lum Animse"; "Types of Christian Saint- liness." INGELOW, JEAN (in'ja-lo), an Eng- lish poet and novelist; born in Boston, Lincolnshire, in 1820. Her first efforts in verse were published anonymously in 1850. A good deal of her poetry is of a devotional or religious cast. But she also published some powerful ballads, and of her minor pieces "The High-tide ' on the Coast of Lincolnshire, 1571," is probably both the finest and the best known. Of her larger poems, "A Story of Doom" (1867) has been the most suc- cessful. Among her novels may be spe- cially mentioned "Off the Skelligs," a very fine work; "Fated to be Free'- (1875); and "Sarah de Berenger" (1880). She died July 19, 1897. INGEMANN, BERNHARD SEV- ERIN, (in'ga-man), a Danish poet and novelist; born May 28, 1789, A very prolific writer of the sentimental school. He was extremely successful with several selections of "Fairy-tales and Stories." But his best works were a series of historical novels, in which he took Walter Scott for his model — "Val- demar Seier" (1826), "Erik Menved's Childhood" (1828), "King Erik" (1833), and "Prince Otto of Denmark" (1835). The poems "Waldemar the Great and his Men" (1824), "Queen Margaret" (1836), and "Holger Danske" (1837) are based, like his novels, on incidents of Danish national history. He died Feb. 24, 1862. INGERSOLL, ERNEST, an American naturalist; born in Monroe, Mich., March 13, 1852; was educated at Oberlin Col- lege and the Harvard Museum of Com- parative Zoology; employed on the Hay- den Survey and the United States Fish Commission; later was engaged as a journalist in Montreal. His publications include "Oyster Industries"; "Friends Worth Knowing"; "Country Cousins"; "Knocking 'Round the Rockies"; "Crest of the Continent"; "Canadian Guide- Book"; "The Book of the Ocean" "Na- ture's Calendar" (1900), "Life of Mam- mals" (1906), etc. INGERSOLL, ROBERT GREEN, an American lawyer; born in Dresden, N.
