JACMEL 224 JACOBS Mutes and the Blind, State Central In- sane Hospital, Passavout Memorial and Our Saviour Hospitals. The city is the trade center for Morgan, Scott, and parts / of Green and Cass counties; is largely concerned in the agricultural industry; has manufactories of woolen goods, candy, steel products, machinery, woven wire, pumps, and wind mills, boilers, brick and tile, paper, and flour. There are a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and semi-monthly periodicals. Pop. (1900) 15,078; (1910) 15,326; (1920) 15,713. JACMEL (zhak-mel'), a seaport on the S. coast of Haiti, 30 miles S. W. of Port au Prince. It has a good anchor- age. Pop., estimated, 10,000. JACOB, the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of the Jewish patriarch Abraham, and the twin, but younger brother of Esau, was the father of 12 sons, from whom the 12 tribes of Israel were descended. He was the favorite of his mother, by whose advice he imposed upon his father, and obtained his bless- ing, having before taken an advantage of Esau, by purchasing his birthright. To avoid his brother's fury, he fled to Padanaram, where he resided with his uncle Laban, whom he served 14 years for his daughters Leah and Rachel. He afterward returned to Canaan with great wealth, and a reconciliation took place between him and his brother Esau. His name was altered to Israel by an angel; whence his posterity have been called Israelites. He lived to the age of 147 years. He died in the land of Goshen, about 1680 B. C. JACOBI, ABRAHAM, an American physician; born in Westphalia, Germany, m 1830. He studied at various universi- ties in Germany and became identified with the German revolutionary move- ment of 1848, when he was indicted for high treason, escaping to New York. He acted as professor of diseases of chil- dren in several important hospitals in New York and became known as one of the first authorities of children's and other diseases. He was a member of many important medical societies. He wrote many books relating to medical subjects, including "The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe" (1870); "Infant Diet" (18751; "Therapeutics of Infancy and Childhood" (1895-1903). He died in 1919. JACOBI, MARY PUTNAM, an American physician; born in Lon- don, England, Aug. 31, 1842. She grad- uated from the Woman's Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Among her works are: "The Value of Life"; "Hysteria, and Other Essays"; "Studies in Primary Educa- tion." She died June 11, 1906. JACOBIN CLUB (jak'o-bin), a political organization, which bore a prominent part in the French Revolu- tion. JACOBITE, a term first applied in England to the party which adhered to James II., after the Revolution of 1688, and afterward to those who continued to maintain sentiments of loyalty toward the house of Stuart, and sought to se- cure the restoration of that family to the English throne. The unsuccessful rebellions of 1715 and 1745 in Scotland, were brought about by the agency of the Jacobites. In Scotland the party maintained its strength till the failure of the rebellion of 1745 put an end to its political existence. In ecclesiastical history, a Christian sect which arose during the 5th century, and maintained that Christ had but one nature. They were thus named from Jacob Baradffius, Bishop of Edessa, and apostle of the East, who restored the sect about 545. From this man, Mosheim remarks, as the second father of the sect, all the Monophysites in the East are called Jacobites. Baradaeus died in 578. A small section of the Jacobites joined the Roman Catholics in the 17th century, but the majority remained firm in the faith of their ancestors. Riddle enumerates among the remains of Cri^^n- tal sects or Christian communities exist- ing in 1037, the Syrian Jacobites li ing; under their patriarch at Antioch. R^gor of Wendover mentions a new sect of preachers called Jacobites, because they imitated the life of the apostles, who sprang up in 1198, under the auspices of Pope Innocent III. They were mendi- cants, and suffered great privations. Mosheim believjes the sect ceased to exist soon after the Council of Lyons, in 1274. JACOBS, W. W., an English novelist; born in London in 1863. He was edu- cated in private schools and in 1883 en- tered the Civil Service. His first book, "Many Cargoes," appeared in 1896 and received instant recognition as a work of unusual merit and of unusual quali- ties of humour. This was followed by many other books of the same character. These include "More Cargoes"; "The Lady of the Barge" (1902); "Captains All" (1905); "Sailors' Knots" (1909); "Night Watches" (1914). He also wrote
