JAPANESE CEDAR 239 JASHER, BOOK OF « iMjilod oil and turpentine. Before this is quite dry, gold or silver leaf is laid on, and the whole afterward receives a fin- ishing coat of varnish. JAPANESE CEDAR, or Cryptomeria, a coniferous tree of China and Japan. JAPHET (ja'fet), according to the Hebrew record, the second son of Noah, whose descendants peopled first the N. and W. of Asia, after which they pro- ceeded to occupy the "isles of the Gen- tiles." The term Japhetic or Japetic was at one time used loosely for peoples of the European stock (nearly as Aryan and Indo-European now) as opposed to Semitic and Hamitic (Asiatic and Afri- can). JAPONICA, a very handsome Jap- anese plant, a species of the camellia. It has become domesticated in the United States, and is notable for its large red or white flowers. JAPURA, an important tributary of the Amazon, rises in Southern Colombia, on the E. side of the Andes, and enters the Amazon opposite Teffe by several arms. Its upper course is broken by many falls, but in the lower part it is navigable for river steamers to nearly Ion. 70° W. or almost 500 miles. JAQUES-DALCROZE, EMILE, a Swiss musician. Born 1865 and edu- cated by R. Fuchs, Anton Bruckner, and Leo Delibes. Professor of Harmony at the Conservatoire, Geneva, 1892-1910, principal of Jaques-Dalcroze College at Hellerau-Dresden, 1910-14, and princi- pal of the Institute Jaques-Dalcroze, Geneva, since 1915, and visiting princi- pal of the London School of Dalcroze Eurhythmies. His works include: For soli, chorus, and orchestra, "La Veillee"; "Poeme Alpestre"; "Festival Vaudois"; "Fete de Juin"; "Lyric Comedies"; "Janie"; "Sancho Panza"; fragments of an opera, "Le Violon maudit"; Le Bon- homme Jadis"; "Evocation"; "Les Pre- mieres Souvenirs." JARGONELLE, a variety of early pear, of fine quality, so called from re- sembling in color the mineral jargon. JARNAC (zhar-nak'), a small town of France, on the Charente, 16 miles from Angouleme. Here the Huguenots were defeated by Henry d'Anjou, afterward Henry III., March 13, 1569. The Prince de Conde fell in this battle. JAROOL (ja-rol'), in botany, Lager- stromia reginse, common in the Indian peninsula and in Burma. It yields a blood-red wood, which, though soft and open in the grain, is greatly used in In- dia for boat-building and for the kneet, of ships on account of its great dura- bility under water. The native Indian physicians esteem its various parts medi- cinal, the astringent root being used in thrush, its bark and leaves as purgatives, and its seeds as a narcotic. JAROSLAV (yar-o-slaf), capital of the Russian district of that name ; at the junction of the Volga with the Kotorost, 173 miles N. E. of Moscow. The town has broad streets, a fine quay, 2 miles long, beside the Volga, nearly 50 churches, three monasteries, and a theo- logical college; it is the seat of an arch*^ bishop. The staple industry of the place is the manufacture of cotton stuffs; next comes the weaving of linen, wool, and silk. Jaroslav is an important river- port, and does an active trade in corn and textiles. Pop. about 120,000. The town was founded in 1026, and was the capital of an independent principality till 1471, when it fell to Moscow. The district of Jaroslav, with an area of 13,- 723 square miles, pop. about 1,500,000, is industrially important, with spinning and weaving of cotton and flax, and the manufacture of spirits, tobacco, and chemicals. JARRAH, a timber tree of Australia, the Eucalyptxis marginata (or rostrata), yielding a very durable wood, useful for railway sleepers, jetties, etc., not being liable to the attack of the white ant and the ship worm. JARROW, a seaport of Durham, Eng- land; on the Tyne; 7 miles E. of New- castle. Its growth from a small colliery village to the thriving town has been due to the construction of its docks (since 1859), and to the establishment of Pal- mer & Co.'s iron shipbuilding and marine engine works, blast furnaces, iron foun- dries, gun factory, etc., which employ many thousands of men. At Jarrow in 682 Benedict Biscop founded the Bene- dictine monastery with which the name of Bede is inseparably associated. Pop. (1918) 33,732. JASHER, BOOK OF, one of the lost books of the ancient Hebrews, which is quoted twice (Josh, x: 13: II Sam. i: 18). Regarding its character and con- tents there has been much speculation. Talmudic and later Jewish authorities identified it variously with Genesis (sometimes called "the Book of the Up- right"), Deuteronomy, Judges, etc., to all which notions there is the obvious and fatal objection that the two quotations from it which survive are not to be found in any of these books, and could not pos- sibly be found in the first two, as they
