JEROME 250 TEUVSALEM. tice of idolatry and had his kingdom overrun by the Assyrians. The prophets Hosea and Amos predicted the downfall of his house. JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA, an English author; born in Walsall, May 2, 1861. He wrote: "On the Stage — and Off" (1888), largely autobiographical; "Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow"; and a comedy, "Barbara." "Three Men in a Boat" (1889); "Paul Kelver" (1902); "The Passing of the Third Floor Back" (1907); "Cook" (1917), etc. He wrote also many successful plays. Gave read- ings in the United States in 1914, JEROME, or HIERONYMUS, one of the fathers of the Church; born ab. 340, at Stridon, on the frontiers of Dacia. He was ordained a presbyter at Antioch, 378, and soon after went to Constantin- ople, where he lived with Gregory Na- zianzen. In 382 he visited Rome and was made secretary to Pope Damasus; but three years afterward he returned into the East, accompanied by several female devotees who wished to lead an ascetic life in the Holy Land. His writ- ings are very numerous, the most im- portant being his Commentaries on vari- ous parts of the Bible. The Church owes to him the Latin translation of the Bible, well known under the name of the Vulgate. His style is singularly pure and classical. He died in 420. JEROME OP PRAGUE, a Bohemian reformer; born about 1360. He was in faith and sufferings the companion of the famous John Huss. Together they made a vigorous crusade against the dissolute- ness of the clergy, the worship of relics, etc. When Huss was imprisoned in Con- stance Jerome hastened to his defense, but was seized and carried thither in chains (1415). On May 30, 1416, he was burned at the stake, and his ashes thrown into the Rhine. JERROLD, DOUGLAS, an English humorist and dramatist; born in 1803. After being for a short time a midship- man, he was bound as an apprentice to a printer in London. His play "Black Eyed Susan" produced in his teens had a prodigious success and is still acted in revised form. His other successful dramas include "The Rent Day," "Nell Gwynne," "Bubbler of a Day," "Time Works Wonders," and "Heart of Gold." He edited and wrote for periodicals. The celebrated "Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures" were contributed to Punch. He was the first editor of "Lloyds Weekly Newspaper." He died in 1857. JERSEY, the largest and most im- portant of the Channel Islands, lying in the English Channel, and belonging to Great Britain. It is about 12 miles long and 7 miles wide. Pop. about 52,000. JERSEY CITY, a city and county-seat of Hudson CO., N. J., on the Hudson river, the Morris canal, and the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Lehigh Valley, the New Jersey Central, the Baltimore and Ohio, the West Shore, the New Jersey and New York, the New York, Susquehanna and Western, and the Lackawanna railroads; opposite New York City, with which it is connected by ferries and tunnels; area 13 square miles. _ Public Interests. — The business por- tion of the city lies in a level stretch along the river, about a mile in width. W. of this is an abrupt bluff, on which is the residential portion of the city. Jersey City is the second largest city in the State. It has trolley connections with Newark, Elizabeth, Hoboken, and other nearby cities. There is a public library, the Hasbrouck Institute, Ger- man American School, St. Aloysius Academy, St. Peter's Roman Catholic College, Christ's and St. Peter's Hos- pitals, and public high schools. The to- tal assessed real estate valuation in 1920 was $139,075,028, and the bonded debt was $10,697,372. The budget for the same year was $13,710,539. Business Interests. — The business in- terests of Jersey City are closely allied with those of New York City. Being the terminus of several large railroads and steamship lines, the commercial trade is very extensive. It has extensive stock yards, slaughter houses, grain ele- vators, and meat-packing establishments. Its manufactures are varied and exten- sive, and include iron and steel goods, machinery, locomotives, boilers, fire- works, furnaces, lead pencils, crucibles, silk, windmills, watches and jewelry, paints and chemicals, tobacco, zinc goods, sugar, bridges, oakum, glass, soap, can- dles, pottery, and foundry products. In 1920 there were 3 National banks, and several private banks, savings institu- tions, and trust and loan companies. Histoi-y. — Jersey City was formerly known as Paulus Hook; was laid out in 1804; chartered as the city of Jersey in 1820; incorporated as Jersey City in 1838; enlarged by annexation of Hud- son and Bergfen in 1870, and by Green- ville in 1872; and was rechartered in 1889. Pop. (1910) 267,779; (1920) 298,- 103. JERUSALEM, one of the most ancient and interesting cities in the world, in Palestine, until the World War, in the Turkish province of Syria. It stands on an elevated site (about 2,500 feet above
