HILL ment of Europe" (1905-1914); "Rebuild- ing of Europe" (1917). HILL, FREDERIC TREVOR, an American lawyer and writer, born in Brooklyn, in 1866. He graduated from Yale University in 1887, and afterward studied law at Columbia. Among his published writings are: "The Case and Exceptions" (1900); "The Minority" (1902); "The Web" (1903); "Lincoln the Lawyer" (1906); "On the Trail of Washington" (1909); "The Thirteenth Juror" (1913). He took an active in- terest in the Boy Scout movement and was captain on the staff of General Per- shing during the World War. He was appointed historian of the American Ex- peditionary Forces in France. HILL, GEORGE WILLIAM, an American astronomer, born in New York City in 1838. He was educated at Rut- gers College. In 1861 he became an assistant on the staff of the "American Ephemeris" and of the "Nautical Al- manac." His notable work in astronomy won for him election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1874. He was also chosen associate and honorary mem- ber of many foreign and domestic astronomical societies. In 1887 he re- ceived a gold medal from the Royal As- tronomical Society of London, and also received medals from other foreign so- cieties. His published writings include: "A New Theory of Jupiter and Saturn" (1890). His "Collected Mathematical Works" were published in 1905-1907. He died in 1914. JAMES J. HILL HILL, JAMES J(EROME), an American railway financier and presi- 16 HILL dent. Born in 1838 in Ontario, Canada. At an early age he entered business in Minnesota and in 1870 became the leader in organizing a transportation company for the purpose of building a railroad from St. Paul to Winnipeg. Some years later he was the promoter of companies which ultimately became the Canadian Pacific Railway and the St. Paul, Minne- apolis and Manitoba railroad. From 1882 to 1889 he was president of the last-named railroad; from 1889 to 1907 he was president of the Great Northern, and from 1907 to 1912 chairman of its board of directors. Later he became president of the great railroad syndicate of Northwestern United States, the Northern Securities Company. He died in 1916. HILL, JOHN WESLEY, an American clergyman and writer, born in Kalida, O., in 1863. He graduated from the Ohio Northwestern University in 1887, studied at the Boston Theological Seminary for the two following years, and was or- dained to the Methodist Episcopal min- istry in 1889. After serving in many pastorates in different States, he was ap- pointed pastor of the Metropolitan Tem- ple in New York City, where he served from 1907 to 1912. From 1916 he was chancellor of the Lincoln Memorial Uni- versity, Cumberland Gap, Tenn. He was prominently identified with civil, in- dustrial, and patriotic movements, was an ardent Republican, and took part in all campaigns, including that of Blaine, McKinley, Taft, Hughes, and Harding. He also was president of the Interna- tional Peace Forum and in 1914 organ- ized the World Court League. HILL, OCTAVIA, an English philan- thropist; born about 1838. She was the grand-daughter of Dr. Southwood Smith, a zealous promoter of sanitary reform. While still young she began work among the London poor under Frederick D. Maurice; and in 1864, supported by Mr. Ruskin, she commenced her great work of improving the homes of workingmen in the slums and dismal alleys of the metropolis. Miss Hill wrote "Homes of the London Poor" (1875) ; "Our Common Land and other Essays" (1878). HILL, ROWLAND, an English preacher, noted for his humor and eccen- tricities; born in Hawkstone, Shropshire, England, August 23, 1744. He was or- dained in the Anglican Church, but embracing the views of the Calvinistic Methodists, he soon began to preach in barns and meeting-houses, streets, fields, and highways. In 1783 he laid the foundation of Surrey Chapel in the
